NKARTA INC shareholder history

Current and past NKARTA INC shareholders
Period Weighting Quarter
CompanyLongestShortestMin.Avg.Max.FirstLatest↓ Count
SUSQUEHANNA INTERNATIONAL GROUP, LLP 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202326
Citadel Advisors 10100.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q3 202326
CWM, LLC 1080.00%0.02%0.03%Q1 2019Q3 202318
MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC 12120.00%0.00%0.01%Q4 2020Q3 202314
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
UBS Group AG 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
CONCOURSE FINANCIAL GROUP SECURITIES, INC. 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
VANGUARD GROUP INC 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL GROUP, INC. 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
NEA Management Company, LLC 13130.38%1.71%4.72%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
CITIGROUP INC 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
WELLS FARGO & COMPANY/MN 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
MORGAN STANLEY 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
RHUMBLINE ADVISERS 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
DEUTSCHE BANK AG\ 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Bank of New York Mellon Corp 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
STATE STREET CORP 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Rock Springs Capital Management LP 13130.01%0.23%0.70%Q3 2020Q3 202313
BANK OF AMERICA CORP /DE/ 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
CALIFORNIA STATE TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
RA Capital Management 13130.21%1.96%4.82%Q3 2020Q3 202313
BlackRock Inc. 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Legal & General Group Plc 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
WASATCH ADVISORS LP 13130.02%0.09%0.18%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Samsara BioCapital, LLC 13131.10%7.47%17.06%Q3 2020Q3 202313
NORTHERN TRUST CORP 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Ameritas Investment Partners, Inc. 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
NEW YORK STATE COMMON RETIREMENT FUND 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC 13130.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202313
US BANCORP \DE\ 12120.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 202312
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC 12120.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 202312
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. 12120.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 202312
FMR LLC 750.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202312
Daiwa Securities Group Inc. 12120.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 202312
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA 12120.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 202312
TD ASSET MANAGEMENT INC 830.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202311
Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc 11110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 202311
OSAIC HOLDINGS, INC. 830.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q3 202311
Tekla Capital Management LLC 10100.00%0.02%0.03%Q1 2021Q2 202310
METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE CO/NY 550.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q2 202310
Virtus ETF Advisers LLC 10100.03%0.07%0.11%Q4 2020Q1 202310
MetLife Investment Management, LLC 550.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q2 202310
WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT GROUP LLP 630.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q1 20239
Renaissance Technologies 990.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2021Q3 20239
Steward Partners Investment Advisory, LLC 990.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20239
STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION OF FLORIDA RETIREMENT SYSTEM 810.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q1 20239
Novo Holdings A/S 990.52%3.20%7.36%Q3 2020Q3 20229
MANUFACTURERS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, THE 540.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 20239
NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA /FI/ 880.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q3 20238
Squarepoint Ops LLC 530.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q2 20238
PRICE T ROWE ASSOCIATES INC /MD/ 880.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q2 20228
STIFEL FINANCIAL CORP 880.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q3 20238
Cubist Systematic Strategies, LLC 510.00%0.00%0.01%Q1 2021Q2 20238
Lindbrook Capital, LLC 440.00%0.00%0.03%Q3 2020Q3 20228
TWO SIGMA INVESTMENTS, LP 880.00%0.00%0.02%Q3 2021Q2 20238
SIMPLEX TRADING, LLC 420.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q3 20238
SG Americas Securities, LLC 410.00%0.00%0.01%Q3 2020Q3 20227
ExodusPoint Capital Management, LP 430.00%0.01%0.05%Q2 2021Q1 20237
VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC 520.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q2 20237
Silvant Capital Management LLC 770.00%0.01%0.02%Q1 2021Q3 20227
BARCLAYS PLC 770.00%0.00%0.01%Q1 2022Q3 20237
AMALGAMATED BANK 770.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2022Q3 20237
GREAT WEST LIFE ASSURANCE CO /CAN/ 610.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20227
Founders Capital Management 770.00%0.01%0.01%Q2 2022Q4 20237
Vivo Capital, LLC 770.40%0.73%1.40%Q3 2020Q1 20227
Swiss National Bank 610.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20227
TANG CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC 770.22%0.77%1.63%Q1 2022Q3 20237
TWO SIGMA ADVISERS, LP 610.00%0.00%0.01%Q4 2021Q3 20237
NISA INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC 420.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2022Q3 20236
AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC 660.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q3 20236
HRT FINANCIAL LP 410.00%0.01%0.01%Q2 2021Q2 20236
Deep Track Capital, LP 660.20%1.24%2.28%Q4 2021Q1 20236
STATE OF WISCONSIN INVESTMENT BOARD 660.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q1 20226
Parkwood LLC 420.04%0.08%0.14%Q4 2020Q3 20226
SR ONE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP 660.95%3.82%8.04%Q2 2022Q3 20236
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP INC 410.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 20236
SIGNATUREFD, LLC 660.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q4 20226
SUSQUEHANNA FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENTS, LLC 330.01%0.01%0.02%Q3 2020Q1 20226
Candriam S.C.A. 660.00%0.02%0.03%Q4 2020Q1 20226
Rafferty Asset Management, LLC 420.00%0.01%0.02%Q4 2020Q3 20226
Ellevest, Inc. 660.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q3 20226
Laurion Capital Management LP 660.01%0.05%0.16%Q2 2022Q3 20236
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP 660.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q3 20236
Cutler Group LLC / CA 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q3 20225
American Portfolios Advisors 550.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20225
Baker Brothers Advisors 550.00%0.02%0.03%Q2 2022Q2 20235
CREDIT SUISSE AG/ 320.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20225
Quantbot Technologies LP 210.00%0.00%0.01%Q4 2021Q3 20235
PARAMETRIC PORTFOLIO ASSOCIATES LLC 550.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20215
China Universal Asset Management Co., Ltd. 550.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2022Q3 20235
Logos Global Management LP 552.56%5.20%8.86%Q3 2020Q3 20215
PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF OHIO 550.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q2 20235
T. Rowe Price Investment Management, Inc. 550.00%0.02%0.04%Q3 2022Q3 20235
Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalbank) 410.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2021Q4 20225
Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd. 550.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q2 20235
Jump Financial, LLC 310.01%0.02%0.04%Q1 2021Q4 20225
Chicago Partners Investment Group LLC 310.00%0.02%0.03%Q4 2020Q4 20225
EMC Capital Management 550.10%0.25%0.60%Q4 2020Q4 20215
Mesirow Financial Investment Management, Inc. 550.73%1.19%2.05%Q3 2020Q3 20215
Qube Research & Technologies Ltd 210.00%0.00%0.01%Q1 2021Q3 20235
LEO BROKERAGE, LLC 220.01%0.04%0.06%Q1 2022Q2 20234
CORNERCAP INVESTMENT COUNSEL INC 440.01%0.02%0.02%Q4 2022Q3 20234
INTERNATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY TRUST PLC 440.05%0.29%0.58%Q2 2021Q1 20224
Vident Investment Advisory, LLC 220.02%0.03%0.06%Q4 2020Q3 20224
GSA CAPITAL PARTNERS LLP 220.03%0.05%0.08%Q4 2021Q1 20234
Rhenman & Partners Asset Management AB 440.08%0.19%0.28%Q2 2022Q1 20234
JANE STREET GROUP, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2021Q2 20234
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 20214
GROUP ONE TRADING, L.P. 310.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20234
LAZARD ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q3 20234
HHLR ADVISORS, LTD. 440.09%0.15%0.27%Q3 2020Q2 20214
Parallel Advisors, LLC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q4 20224
ProShare Advisors LLC 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 20214
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q3 20234
FEDERATED HERMES, INC. 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q3 20234
LOS ANGELES CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q1 20224
BANK OF MONTREAL /CAN/ 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 20214
Caption Management, LLC 110.00%0.01%0.01%Q2 2021Q2 20224
CAPTRUST FINANCIAL ADVISORS 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q2 20224
Penserra Capital Management LLC 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q3 20214
HSBC HOLDINGS PLC 440.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q3 20234
AtonRa Partners 440.10%0.25%0.37%Q2 2022Q1 20234
Ergoteles LLC 210.01%0.01%0.02%Q2 2021Q4 20224
FRANKLIN RESOURCES INC 330.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2020Q1 20213
WESTFIELD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT CO LP 330.08%0.08%0.09%Q1 2021Q3 20213
Forefront Analytics, LLC 330.01%0.02%0.03%Q1 2023Q3 20233
PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2021Q3 20213
Rockefeller Capital Management L.P. 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q4 20223
Gladius Capital Management LP 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q2 20233
CAAS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP 330.04%0.08%0.11%Q4 2020Q2 20213
MERCER GLOBAL ADVISORS INC /ADV 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q2 20233
NEW YORK LIFE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC 330.00%0.00%0.01%Q1 2023Q3 20233
Mariner, LLC 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q3 20233
CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 20213
Virtu Financial LLC 110.01%0.02%0.03%Q2 2021Q2 20233
Russell Investments Group, Ltd. 210.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20233
ADAGE CAPITAL PARTNERS GP, L.L.C. 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q3 20233
BOURGEON CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q4 20223
STRS OHIO 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 20213
TOTH FINANCIAL ADVISORY CORP 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q4 20213
DEERFIELD MANAGEMENT COMPANY, L.P. (SERIES C) 210.15%1.22%1.77%Q3 2020Q2 20223
Red Tortoise LLC 210.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q3 20233
High Net Worth Advisory Group LLC 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2022Q3 20223
PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL INC 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q3 20233
Optiver Holding B.V. 330.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q4 20213
SILVERARC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 210.42%0.86%1.61%Q4 2020Q3 20223
Athanor Capital, LP 330.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2020Q1 20213
HighVista Strategies LLC 330.36%0.66%0.94%Q4 2020Q2 20213
SECTORAL ASSET MANAGEMENT INC 330.42%0.79%1.05%Q1 2021Q3 20213
QUADRANT CAPITAL GROUP LLC 210.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q2 20223
Atom Investors LP 220.35%0.48%0.61%Q2 2022Q3 20222
FIRST MERCANTILE TRUST CO 220.00%0.01%0.01%Q4 2020Q1 20212
KETTLE HILL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 220.06%0.10%0.15%Q2 2022Q3 20222
SPHERA FUNDS MANAGEMENT LTD. 220.26%0.40%0.54%Q1 2021Q2 20212
BALYASNY ASSET MANAGEMENT L.P. 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q1 20232
Point72 Asset Management, L.P. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q2 20232
TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF THE STATE OF KENTUCKY 220.00%0.00%0.01%Q4 2020Q1 20212
NATIXIS 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q1 20232
Avidity Partners Management LP 220.38%0.39%0.40%Q2 2022Q3 20222
PRELUDE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q3 20232
Point72 Hong Kong Ltd 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2021Q3 20222
Pacer Advisors, Inc. 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q1 20212
Point72 Middle East FZE 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q2 20232
BRIDGEWAY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC 220.01%0.01%0.02%Q2 2023Q3 20232
EverSource Wealth Advisors, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q3 20232
CHI Advisors LLC 220.42%1.05%1.68%Q2 2022Q3 20222
LMR Partners LLP 220.01%0.01%0.01%Q2 2022Q3 20222
PURA VIDA INVESTMENTS, LLC 220.01%0.03%0.04%Q4 2020Q1 20212
ACADIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q3 20232
Trexquant Investment LP 220.01%0.01%0.02%Q1 2022Q2 20222
Slow Capital, Inc. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2020Q1 20232
D. E. Shaw & Co., Inc. 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q3 20222
Walleye Capital LLC 220.01%0.01%0.01%Q4 2021Q1 20222
Consonance Capital Management LP 221.68%1.84%2.00%Q1 2021Q2 20212
WOLVERINE TRADING, LLC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q1 20232
LORD, ABBETT & CO. LLC 220.02%0.02%0.02%Q2 2022Q3 20222
BRADLEY FOSTER & SARGENT INC/CT 220.01%0.01%0.02%Q3 2020Q4 20202
Engineers Gate Manager LP 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q2 2022Q4 20222
AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES INC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q3 20232
Invesco Ltd. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20222
JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q3 20232
XTX Topco Ltd 220.01%0.01%0.01%Q4 2022Q1 20232
SEI INVESTMENTS CO 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2022Q2 20232
MOODY ALDRICH PARTNERS LLC 220.13%0.19%0.26%Q4 2020Q1 20212
Allspring Global Investments Holdings, LLC 220.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2022Q4 20222
Apollon Wealth Management, LLC 110.04%0.04%0.04%Q2 2021Q2 20211
Global Trust Asset Management, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2022Q3 20221
Prospera Financial Services Inc 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2022Q1 20221
Simplicity Solutions, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q2 20231
DARK FOREST CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2022Q3 20221
HARBOUR INVESTMENTS, INC. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20211
Pinnacle Bancorp, Inc. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q1 20231
RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2022Q3 20221
FOX RUN MANAGEMENT, L.L.C. 110.03%0.03%0.03%Q4 2022Q4 20221
NOMURA HOLDINGS INC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q4 20211
EAM Global Investors LLC 110.32%0.32%0.32%Q2 2022Q2 20221
MIRABELLA FINANCIAL SERVICES LLP 110.05%0.05%0.05%Q3 2020Q3 20201
Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q1 20231
NORGES BANK 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20211
GLENMEDE TRUST CO NA 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2020Q4 20201
Sargent Bickham Lagudis LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q4 20221
Alpha Paradigm Partners, LLC 110.09%0.09%0.09%Q1 2021Q1 20211
Vanguard Personalized Indexing Management, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2023Q3 20231
DENALI ADVISORS LLC 110.02%0.02%0.02%Q2 2022Q2 20221
ALGERT GLOBAL LLC 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q4 2022Q4 20221
Belpointe Asset Management LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q4 20221
OCCUDO QUANTITATIVE STRATEGIES LP 110.02%0.02%0.02%Q1 2023Q1 20231
Clearview Wealth Advisors LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q2 20231
Pinz Capital Management, LP 110.24%0.24%0.24%Q4 2021Q4 20211
INNOVIS ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC 110.07%0.07%0.07%Q3 2023Q3 20231
Old Well Partners, LLC 110.14%0.14%0.14%Q4 2020Q4 20201
L & S Advisors Inc 110.03%0.03%0.03%Q2 2021Q2 20211
Eagle Bay Advisors LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q4 20211
LANDSCAPE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C. 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q4 2022Q4 20221
Leucadia National 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2023Q3 20231
Parallax Volatility Advisers, L.P. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q3 2021Q3 20211
Bayesian Capital Management, LP 110.03%0.03%0.03%Q2 2022Q2 20221
NinePointTwo Capital LLC 110.06%0.06%0.06%Q4 2021Q4 20211
EAM Investors, LLC 110.43%0.43%0.43%Q2 2022Q2 20221
Dynamic Technology Lab Private Ltd 110.02%0.02%0.02%Q2 2022Q2 20221
Monaco Asset Management SAM 110.10%0.10%0.10%Q3 2023Q3 20231
TLS Advisors LLC 110.79%0.79%0.79%Q4 2022Q4 20221
AWM Investment Company, Inc. 110.19%0.19%0.19%Q2 2022Q2 20221
Aquatic Capital Management LLC 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q4 2022Q4 20221
E Fund Management Co., Ltd. 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2022Q3 20221
Alyeska Investment Group, L.P. 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2023Q3 20231
Covestor Ltd 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q4 20211
AXQ CAPITAL, LP 110.06%0.06%0.06%Q4 2022Q4 20221
BRAIDWELL LP 110.31%0.31%0.31%Q4 2022Q4 20221
PDT Partners, LLC 110.02%0.02%0.02%Q1 2021Q1 20211
UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT AMERICAS INC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q4 20221
State of Wyoming 110.01%0.01%0.01%Q3 2023Q3 20231
IFP Advisors, Inc 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2021Q2 20211
AQR Capital Management 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2023Q1 20231
Amalgamated Financial Corp. 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q1 2022Q1 20221
MARSHALL WACE, LLP 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2021Q4 20211
Bleakley Financial Group, LLC 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q2 2023Q2 20231
Alpine Global Management, LLC 110.04%0.04%0.04%Q2 2023Q2 20231
TORONTO DOMINION BANK 110.00%0.00%0.00%Q4 2022Q4 20221
External links

This page lists all the filers that currently own NKARTA INC or have owned NKARTA INC in the past.