$572 Million is the total value of CONNORS INVESTOR SERVICES INC's 151 reported holdings in Q3 2016. The portfolio turnover from Q2 2016 to Q3 2016 was 7.9% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPY | Buy | SPDR S & P 500 INDEXetf | $50,863,000 | +4.1% | 235,150 | +0.8% | 8.89% | -6.2% |
PEP | Buy | PEPSICO | $26,884,000 | +154.5% | 247,160 | +1.0% | 4.70% | +129.4% |
IWM | Sell | ISHARES RUSSELL 2000 INDEXetf | $17,936,000 | +7.3% | 144,400 | -0.7% | 3.13% | -3.3% |
AAPL | Buy | APPLE | $17,673,000 | +19.1% | 156,325 | +0.7% | 3.09% | +7.3% |
TYL | Buy | TYLER TECHNOLOGIES | $14,146,000 | +22.5% | 82,614 | +19.3% | 2.47% | +10.4% |
ADBE | Buy | ADOBE SYSTEMS | $11,806,000 | +13.3% | 108,771 | +0.0% | 2.06% | +2.1% |
WFC | Buy | WELLS FARGO | $11,317,000 | -2.7% | 255,578 | +4.0% | 1.98% | -12.3% |
XOM | Sell | EXXONMOBIL | $10,666,000 | -14.2% | 122,204 | -7.9% | 1.86% | -22.7% |
CSCO | Buy | CISCO SYSTEMS | $10,435,000 | +16.5% | 328,957 | +5.4% | 1.82% | +5.0% |
MSFT | Buy | MICROSOFT | $9,782,000 | +17.6% | 169,832 | +4.5% | 1.71% | +6.0% |
JPM | Buy | JPMORGAN CHASE | $9,488,000 | +12.7% | 142,490 | +5.1% | 1.66% | +1.5% |
CSX | Buy | CSX | $9,352,000 | +29.5% | 306,633 | +10.7% | 1.63% | +16.7% |
DD | Buy | DUPONT DE NEMOURS | $9,287,000 | +8.5% | 138,670 | +4.9% | 1.62% | -2.2% |
SBUX | Buy | STARBUCKS | $9,278,000 | +0.8% | 171,379 | +6.4% | 1.62% | -9.1% |
MRK | Buy | MERCK | $9,151,000 | +12.5% | 146,619 | +3.8% | 1.60% | +1.4% |
DIS | Buy | DISNEY WALT | $8,955,000 | -1.0% | 96,433 | +4.3% | 1.56% | -10.7% |
CB | Buy | CHUBB | $8,914,000 | +1.2% | 70,946 | +5.3% | 1.56% | -8.7% |
PNC | Buy | PNC FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP | $8,882,000 | +16.9% | 98,595 | +5.6% | 1.55% | +5.4% |
SYK | Buy | STRYKER | $8,860,000 | +2.5% | 76,113 | +5.5% | 1.55% | -7.6% |
ABBV | Buy | ABBVIE | $8,758,000 | +5.6% | 138,855 | +3.6% | 1.53% | -4.9% |
PAG | Sell | PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP | $8,409,000 | +34.2% | 174,543 | -12.4% | 1.47% | +20.9% |
ABT | Buy | ABBOTT LABORATORIES | $8,137,000 | +11.2% | 192,414 | +3.4% | 1.42% | +0.2% |
XRAY | Buy | DENTSPLY SIRONA | $8,056,000 | -0.5% | 135,560 | +3.8% | 1.41% | -10.3% |
SLB | Buy | SCHLUMBERGER | $7,990,000 | +8.9% | 101,604 | +9.5% | 1.40% | -1.9% |
BDX | Buy | BECTON DICKINSON | $7,891,000 | +16.7% | 43,904 | +10.1% | 1.38% | +5.2% |
UTX | Buy | UNITED TECHNOLOGIES | $7,800,000 | +10.4% | 76,773 | +11.5% | 1.36% | -0.5% |
LOW | Buy | LOWE'S | $7,773,000 | -3.9% | 107,642 | +5.3% | 1.36% | -13.4% |
SNA | Buy | SNAPON | $7,718,000 | +2.5% | 50,787 | +6.5% | 1.35% | -7.6% |
PFE | Buy | PFIZER | $7,697,000 | +0.5% | 227,237 | +4.4% | 1.34% | -9.5% |
WBA | Buy | WALGREENS BOOTS ALLIANCE | $7,592,000 | +37.1% | 94,170 | +41.6% | 1.33% | +23.6% |
QCOM | Sell | QUALCOMM | $7,334,000 | +25.3% | 107,062 | -2.0% | 1.28% | +13.0% |
PX | Buy | PRAXAIR | $7,248,000 | +16.8% | 59,986 | +8.7% | 1.27% | +5.3% |
LMT | Buy | LOCKHEED MARTIN | $7,135,000 | +14.1% | 29,763 | +18.1% | 1.25% | +2.8% |
VZ | Buy | VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS | $6,763,000 | -3.1% | 130,103 | +4.1% | 1.18% | -12.6% |
SWKS | Buy | SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS | $6,748,000 | +39.2% | 88,627 | +15.7% | 1.18% | +25.4% |
NKE | Buy | NIKE | $6,737,000 | +1.0% | 127,964 | +5.9% | 1.18% | -9.0% |
Buy | PUBLIC STORAGE | $6,728,000 | +19.5% | 30,153 | +36.9% | 1.18% | +7.7% | |
MTB | Buy | M&T BANK CORP | $6,527,000 | +4.6% | 56,217 | +6.5% | 1.14% | -5.7% |
CVX | Buy | CHEVRON | $6,525,000 | +6.4% | 63,396 | +8.4% | 1.14% | -4.1% |
VWO | Sell | VANGUARD FTSE EMERGING MARKETS ETFetf | $6,466,000 | +5.4% | 171,820 | -1.4% | 1.13% | -5.0% |
MMM | Buy | 3M | $6,235,000 | +586.7% | 35,380 | +582.2% | 1.09% | +519.3% |
Buy | ENERGEN | $5,412,000 | +43.9% | 93,763 | +20.2% | 0.95% | +29.8% | |
CALD | Sell | CALLIDUS SOFTWARE INC | $4,628,000 | -9.6% | 252,196 | -1.6% | 0.81% | -18.5% |
LLY | Buy | LILLY ELI | $4,620,000 | +7.8% | 57,562 | +5.8% | 0.81% | -2.9% |
T | Sell | A T & T NEW | $3,721,000 | -6.7% | 91,621 | -0.8% | 0.65% | -16.0% |
ACN | ACCENTURE | $3,665,000 | +7.8% | 30,000 | 0.0% | 0.64% | -2.9% | |
EFA | Sell | ISHARES MSCI EAFE INDEXetf | $3,216,000 | +5.1% | 54,395 | -0.8% | 0.56% | -5.4% |
KMB | Buy | KIMBERLYCLARK | $3,173,000 | +1.5% | 25,153 | +10.7% | 0.55% | -8.6% |
OMCL | Sell | OMNICELL INC | $3,017,000 | +10.6% | 78,784 | -1.1% | 0.53% | -0.4% |
YUM | Sell | YUM! BRANDS | $2,997,000 | +951.6% | 33,000 | -8.3% | 0.52% | +852.7% |
FARM | Sell | FARMER BROTHERS CO | $2,974,000 | +9.9% | 83,649 | -0.9% | 0.52% | -1.0% |
MNR | Sell | MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORP | $2,971,000 | +7.0% | 208,187 | -0.5% | 0.52% | -3.5% |
IMAX | Buy | IMAX CORP | $2,943,000 | -1.0% | 101,572 | +0.7% | 0.51% | -10.8% |
VIVO | Sell | MERIDIAN BIOSCIENCE INC | $2,904,000 | -1.3% | 150,552 | -0.2% | 0.51% | -11.1% |
ADP | Buy | AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING | $2,796,000 | -3.7% | 31,701 | +0.3% | 0.49% | -13.1% |
CL | Buy | COLGATEPALMOLIVE | $2,779,000 | +9.6% | 37,485 | +8.2% | 0.49% | -1.2% |
OFC | Sell | CORPORATE OFFICE PROPERTIES TRUST | $2,756,000 | -5.2% | 97,202 | -1.1% | 0.48% | -14.5% |
LPSN | Sell | LIVEPERSON INC | $2,743,000 | +29.7% | 326,108 | -2.2% | 0.48% | +16.8% |
DWM | Sell | WISDOMTREE DEFA INDEX | $2,713,000 | +2.6% | 57,648 | -2.4% | 0.47% | -7.6% |
ZIXI | Sell | ZIX CORP | $2,705,000 | +9.2% | 659,649 | -0.2% | 0.47% | -1.7% |
TASR | Sell | TASER INTERNATIONAL INC | $2,622,000 | +12.8% | 91,663 | -1.9% | 0.46% | +1.6% |
CMD | Buy | CANTEL MEDICAL CORP | $2,590,000 | +13.4% | 33,220 | +0.0% | 0.45% | +2.3% |
NTRI | Sell | NUTRISYSTEM INC | $2,587,000 | +16.2% | 87,144 | -0.7% | 0.45% | +4.6% |
CRY | Sell | CRYOLIFE INC | $2,577,000 | +12.4% | 146,668 | -24.4% | 0.45% | +1.1% |
ITW | ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS | $2,577,000 | +15.1% | 21,500 | 0.0% | 0.45% | +3.7% | |
COP | Sell | CONOCOPHILLIPS | $2,570,000 | -1.7% | 59,114 | -1.4% | 0.45% | -11.4% |
SYY | Sell | SYSCO | $2,512,000 | -32.2% | 51,260 | -29.8% | 0.44% | -38.9% |
SFLY | Sell | SHUTTERFLY INC | $2,501,000 | -5.2% | 56,029 | -1.0% | 0.44% | -14.5% |
NSP | Sell | INSPERITY INC | $2,493,000 | -6.5% | 34,319 | -0.6% | 0.44% | -15.7% |
ATRO | Sell | ASTRONICS CORP | $2,434,000 | +34.8% | 54,039 | -0.5% | 0.42% | +21.4% |
TCAP | Sell | TRIANGLE CAPITAL CORP | $2,402,000 | +1.4% | 121,924 | -0.3% | 0.42% | -8.7% |
IRBT | Sell | IROBOT CORP | $2,383,000 | -6.9% | 54,178 | -25.8% | 0.42% | -16.1% |
TNGO | Sell | TANGOE INC | $2,326,000 | +5.6% | 281,965 | -1.2% | 0.41% | -4.9% |
NVEC | Sell | NVE CORP | $2,211,000 | -0.3% | 37,512 | -0.7% | 0.39% | -10.2% |
AVAV | Sell | AEROVIRONMENT INC | $2,187,000 | -12.6% | 89,585 | -0.4% | 0.38% | -21.2% |
ACETQ | Buy | ACETO CORP | $2,111,000 | +32.8% | 111,164 | +53.1% | 0.37% | +19.8% |
PG | Buy | PROCTER & GAMBLE | $2,079,000 | +11.4% | 23,159 | +5.0% | 0.36% | +0.3% |
MTDR | Sell | MATADOR RESOURCES CO | $1,964,000 | +21.8% | 80,680 | -0.9% | 0.34% | +9.6% |
BRKA | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY CL A | $1,946,000 | -0.4% | 9 | 0.0% | 0.34% | -10.3% | |
VSS | Sell | VANGUARD FTSE ALLWORLD EXUS SMALLCAP ETFetf | $1,869,000 | +4.9% | 18,779 | -1.9% | 0.33% | -5.2% |
RAVN | Sell | RAVEN INDUSTRIES INC | $1,840,000 | +20.5% | 79,911 | -0.9% | 0.32% | +8.8% |
THRM | Sell | GENTHERM INC | $1,838,000 | -8.3% | 58,485 | -0.1% | 0.32% | -17.5% |
MGRC | Sell | MCGRATH RENTCORP | $1,785,000 | +2.5% | 56,281 | -1.2% | 0.31% | -7.7% |
AMN | Sell | AMN HEALTHCARE SERVICES INC | $1,611,000 | -20.5% | 50,554 | -0.3% | 0.28% | -28.2% |
NVEE | Sell | NV5 HOLDINGS INC | $1,579,000 | +6.8% | 48,865 | -6.0% | 0.28% | -3.8% |
TREE | New | LENDING TREE INC | $1,537,000 | – | 15,858 | +100.0% | 0.27% | – |
SFNC | Sell | SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORP | $1,500,000 | +7.8% | 30,064 | -0.3% | 0.26% | -3.0% |
CCC | Sell | CALGON CARBON CORP | $1,457,000 | +15.2% | 96,022 | -0.2% | 0.26% | +4.1% |
JNJ | Sell | JOHNSON & JOHNSON | $1,327,000 | -4.3% | 11,236 | -1.7% | 0.23% | -13.8% |
COST | Sell | COSTCO WHOLESALE | $1,329,000 | -82.0% | 8,715 | -81.5% | 0.23% | -83.8% |
GLPI | Buy | GAMING & LEISURE PROPERTIES | $1,232,000 | -2.1% | 36,817 | +0.8% | 0.22% | -11.9% |
SEAC | Buy | SEACHANGE INTERNATIONAL INC | $1,200,000 | -5.1% | 401,361 | +1.2% | 0.21% | -14.3% |
IJR | ISHARES CORE S&P SMALLCAP ETFetf | $1,037,000 | +6.8% | 8,355 | 0.0% | 0.18% | -3.7% | |
GE | Sell | GENERAL ELECTRIC | $1,030,000 | -6.4% | 34,775 | -0.5% | 0.18% | -15.5% |
UPS | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE CL B | $845,000 | +1.4% | 7,729 | 0.0% | 0.15% | -8.6% | |
UNP | Sell | UNION PACIFIC | $569,000 | +10.9% | 5,830 | -0.9% | 0.10% | 0.0% |
HD | HOME DEPOT | $549,000 | +0.7% | 4,265 | 0.0% | 0.10% | -9.4% | |
KO | COCACOLA | $523,000 | -6.6% | 12,350 | 0.0% | 0.09% | -16.5% | |
IDXX | Sell | IDEXX LABORATORIES | $507,000 | -7.5% | 4,500 | -23.7% | 0.09% | -16.0% |
EEM | ISHARES MSCI EMERGING MARKETS INDEXetf | $479,000 | +8.9% | 12,800 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -1.2% | |
IVV | ISHARES CORE S&P 500 ETFetf | $426,000 | +3.4% | 1,959 | 0.0% | 0.07% | -7.5% | |
DOV | Sell | DOVER | $392,000 | +2.3% | 5,326 | -3.6% | 0.07% | -8.1% |
OXY | Sell | OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM | $390,000 | -11.6% | 5,342 | -8.6% | 0.07% | -20.9% |
O | Buy | REALTY INCOME | $384,000 | +0.5% | 5,738 | +4.2% | 0.07% | -9.5% |
PENN | Sell | PENN NATIONAL GAMING | $378,000 | -4.3% | 27,819 | -1.7% | 0.07% | -14.3% |
BRKB | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY CL B | $368,000 | -0.3% | 2,550 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -11.1% | |
NVS | Sell | NOVARTIS SPONSORED ADR | $355,000 | -14.0% | 4,500 | -10.0% | 0.06% | -22.5% |
GLD | SPDR GOLD SHARES ETFetf | $333,000 | -0.6% | 2,650 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -10.8% | |
CCNE | Sell | CNB FINANCIAL CORP | $324,000 | +11.7% | 15,300 | -6.1% | 0.06% | +1.8% |
IJH | ISHARES CORE S&P MIDCAP ETFetf | $323,000 | +3.9% | 2,085 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -6.7% | |
FCBC | FIRST COMMUNITY BANCSHARES INC | $312,000 | +10.2% | 12,600 | 0.0% | 0.06% | 0.0% | |
KMI | KINDER MORGAN | $297,000 | +23.8% | 12,832 | 0.0% | 0.05% | +10.6% | |
SLP | Buy | SIMULATIONS PLUS INC | $282,000 | +38.2% | 31,957 | +18.5% | 0.05% | +22.5% |
PHX | PANHANDLE OIL & GAS INC | $278,000 | +4.9% | 15,876 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -3.9% | |
USPH | US PHYSICAL THERAPY INC | $282,000 | +4.1% | 4,500 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -7.5% | |
UMH | Sell | UMH PROPERTIES INC | $273,000 | -9.9% | 22,913 | -14.9% | 0.05% | -18.6% |
IBM | INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES | $277,000 | +4.9% | 1,742 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -5.9% | |
NILE | BLUE NILE INC | $273,000 | +25.8% | 7,923 | 0.0% | 0.05% | +14.3% | |
UFAB | UNIQUE FABRICATING INC | $269,000 | -8.8% | 22,000 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -17.5% | |
DUK | DUKE ENERGY | $269,000 | -6.6% | 3,356 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -16.1% | |
CZNC | CITIZENS & NORTHERN CORP | $264,000 | +8.6% | 12,000 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -2.1% | |
MO | Sell | ALTRIA GROUP | $260,000 | -24.9% | 4,114 | -17.9% | 0.04% | -32.8% |
LBAI | LAKELAND BANCORP INC | $250,000 | +23.2% | 17,833 | 0.0% | 0.04% | +12.8% | |
LIOX | LIONBRIDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC | $247,000 | +26.7% | 49,424 | 0.0% | 0.04% | +13.2% | |
PMD | PSYCHEMEDICS CORP | $244,000 | +44.4% | 12,300 | 0.0% | 0.04% | +30.3% | |
AHH | Sell | ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES INC | $244,000 | -16.4% | 18,240 | -14.1% | 0.04% | -24.6% |
IRMD | Buy | IRADIMED CORP | $238,000 | -8.8% | 14,000 | +16.7% | 0.04% | -17.6% |
INTU | Sell | INTUIT | $242,000 | -39.8% | 2,200 | -38.9% | 0.04% | -46.2% |
SONA | Buy | SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANCORP VA | $235,000 | +18.1% | 18,000 | +9.8% | 0.04% | +5.1% |
BGFV | Sell | BIG 5 SPORTING GOODS CORP | $229,000 | +24.5% | 16,836 | -15.1% | 0.04% | +11.1% |
CWCO | CONSOLIDATED WATER CO | $227,000 | -11.0% | 19,500 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -18.4% | |
RVLT | Buy | REVOLUTION LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES INC | $228,000 | +40.7% | 36,154 | +38.2% | 0.04% | +29.0% |
AGN | ALLERGAN | $230,000 | -0.4% | 1,000 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -11.1% | |
IDSY | ID SYSTEMS INC | $226,000 | +2.7% | 45,808 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -9.3% | |
MEET | New | MEETME INC | $217,000 | – | 35,000 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
OESX | Buy | ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS INC | $217,000 | +30.7% | 162,834 | +14.0% | 0.04% | +18.8% |
AMZN | Sell | AMAZONCOM | $209,000 | -41.6% | 250 | -50.0% | 0.04% | -46.4% |
ORBC | ORBCOMM INC | $205,000 | +3.0% | 20,000 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -7.7% | |
BLK | New | BLACKROCK | $206,000 | – | 568 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
TTE | TOTAL S A ADR | $203,000 | -0.5% | 4,250 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -12.5% | |
APC | New | ANADARKO PETROLEUM | $203,000 | – | 3,200 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
DPS | Sell | DR PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP | $201,000 | -16.9% | 2,200 | -12.0% | 0.04% | -25.5% |
GWRS | GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES CORP | $200,000 | -9.1% | 25,000 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -18.6% | |
REFR | Buy | RESEARCH FRONTIERS INC | $193,000 | -16.1% | 74,447 | +18.3% | 0.03% | -24.4% |
RMCF | ROCKY MOUNTAIN CHOCOLATE FACTORY INC | $191,000 | +3.2% | 18,200 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -8.3% | |
EPM | EVOLUTION PETROLEUM CORP | $188,000 | +14.6% | 30,000 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +3.1% | |
CECE | CECO ENVIRONMENTAL CORP | $169,000 | +29.0% | 15,000 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +20.0% | |
CHKE | Buy | CHEROKEE INC | $165,000 | +3.1% | 16,038 | +11.3% | 0.03% | -6.5% |
SMRTQ | STEIN MART INC | $157,000 | -17.8% | 24,700 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -27.0% | |
DSCI | New | DERMA SCIENCES INC | $81,000 | – | 17,300 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
New | WALMART DE MEXICO SAB DE CV ORD | $23,000 | – | 10,520 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – | |
MCHX | Exit | MARCHEX INC | $0 | – | -22,500 | -100.0% | -0.01% | – |
FHCO | Exit | FEMALE HEALTH CO | $0 | – | -95,000 | -100.0% | -0.02% | – |
TMO | Exit | THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC | $0 | – | -1,500 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
MON | Exit | MONSANTO NEW | $0 | – | -2,200 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
DLTR | Exit | DOLLAR TREE | $0 | – | -3,400 | -100.0% | -0.06% | – |
CBS | Exit | CVS HEALTH | $0 | – | -4,022 | -100.0% | -0.08% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2016-11-14
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
SPDR S & P 500 INDEX | 42 | Q3 2023 | 13.6% |
PEPSICO | 42 | Q3 2023 | 5.3% |
ISHARES RUSSELL 2000 INDEX | 42 | Q3 2023 | 6.1% |
MICROSOFT | 42 | Q3 2023 | 4.0% |
ABBOTT LABS | 42 | Q3 2023 | 3.1% |
MERCK | 42 | Q3 2023 | 2.5% |
ADOBE SYSTEMS | 42 | Q3 2023 | 2.6% |
CISCO SYSTEMS | 42 | Q3 2023 | 2.2% |
JPMORGAN CHASE | 42 | Q3 2023 | 2.6% |
EXXONMOBIL | 42 | Q3 2023 | 2.6% |
View CONNORS INVESTOR SERVICES INC's complete holdings history.
Latest significant ownerships (13-D/G)
Filed | Shares | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|
BENIHANA INC | February 15, 2007 | 450,875 | 5.8% |
EMBREX INC /NC/ | February 15, 2007 | 424,150 | 5.1% |
ROCK OF AGES CORP | February 16, 2006 | 287,650 | 6.2% |
MEADE INSTRUMENTS CORP | February 13, 2004 | 1,193,250 | 6.0% |
EDGE PETROLEUM CORP | February 07, 2003 | 534,751 | 5.7% |
View CONNORS INVESTOR SERVICES INC's complete significant-ownership history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-02-14 |
13F-HR | 2023-11-22 |
13F-HR | 2023-08-15 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-15 |
13F-HR | 2023-02-15 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-14 |
13F-HR | 2022-08-16 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-18 |
13F-HR | 2022-02-15 |
13F-HR | 2021-11-15 |
View CONNORS INVESTOR SERVICES INC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.