$199 Million is the total value of OAK FAMILY ADVISORS, LLC's 131 reported holdings in Q2 2022. The portfolio turnover from Q1 2022 to Q2 2022 was 22.5% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPY | Sell | SPDR S&P 500 ETFput | $26,860,000 | -53.8% | 71,200 | -44.6% | 13.51% | -40.5% |
VTIP | Sell | VANGUARD SHORT-TERM INFLATION-PROTECTED SECURITIES ETFetf | $11,843,000 | -7.3% | 236,298 | -5.3% | 5.96% | +19.2% |
AZN | Sell | ASTRAZENECA PLC SPONSORED ADRadr | $8,071,000 | -4.6% | 122,157 | -4.2% | 4.06% | +22.7% |
QCOM | Buy | QUALCOMM INC COMstock | $7,734,000 | -9.4% | 60,542 | +8.4% | 3.89% | +16.6% |
KMI | Sell | KINDER MORGAN INC DEL COMstock | $6,444,000 | -14.8% | 384,487 | -3.8% | 3.24% | +9.7% |
SNY | Buy | SANOFI SPONSORED ADRadr | $5,456,000 | +163.2% | 109,060 | +170.1% | 2.74% | +238.5% |
MMP | Buy | MAGELLAN MIDSTREAM PRTNRS LP COM UNIT RP LPstock | $4,947,000 | -0.1% | 103,582 | +2.6% | 2.49% | +28.5% |
AAPL | Sell | APPLE INC COMstock | $4,671,000 | -28.5% | 34,168 | -8.7% | 2.35% | -8.1% |
ALCO | Buy | ALICO INC COMstock | $4,551,000 | -4.2% | 127,717 | +1.0% | 2.29% | +23.2% |
MA | Sell | MASTERCARD INCORPORATED CL Astock | $4,419,000 | -12.0% | 14,007 | -0.3% | 2.22% | +13.2% |
ABBV | Sell | ABBVIE INC COMstock | $4,092,000 | -27.9% | 26,717 | -23.7% | 2.06% | -7.2% |
GNTX | Sell | GENTEX CORP COMstock | $3,674,000 | -9.2% | 131,361 | -5.3% | 1.85% | +16.8% |
EPD | Buy | ENTERPRISE PRODS PARTNERS L P COMstock | $3,642,000 | +0.4% | 149,439 | +6.4% | 1.83% | +29.2% |
AMLP | Buy | ALERIAN MLP ETFetf | $3,524,000 | +36.1% | 102,289 | +51.3% | 1.77% | +75.2% |
DIS | Buy | DISNEY WALT CO COMstock | $3,406,000 | +971.1% | 36,077 | +1456.4% | 1.71% | +1281.5% |
BPOP | Sell | POPULAR INC COM NEWstock | $3,280,000 | -6.9% | 42,641 | -1.1% | 1.65% | +19.7% |
Buy | BOWLERO CORP CL A COMstock | $3,145,000 | +131.2% | 296,985 | +132.6% | 1.58% | +197.4% | |
VMW | Sell | VMWARE INC CL A COMstock | $3,130,000 | -12.2% | 27,457 | -12.3% | 1.58% | +13.0% |
Sell | RYAN SPECIALTY HOLDINGS INC CL Astock | $3,042,000 | -0.7% | 77,619 | -1.7% | 1.53% | +27.7% | |
CMCSA | Buy | COMCAST CORP NEW CL Astock | $2,989,000 | +69.0% | 76,166 | +101.6% | 1.50% | +117.3% |
GOOGL | Buy | ALPHABET INC CAP STK CL Astock | $2,990,000 | -14.1% | 1,372 | +9.6% | 1.50% | +10.5% |
TSM | Buy | TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MFG LTD SPONSORED ADSadr | $2,880,000 | -14.9% | 35,226 | +8.6% | 1.45% | +9.5% |
NVEC | Buy | NVE CORP COM NEWstock | $2,373,000 | -6.7% | 50,891 | +9.0% | 1.19% | +20.0% |
BATRK | Buy | LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DEL COM C BRAVES GRPstock | $2,326,000 | -7.3% | 96,931 | +7.8% | 1.17% | +19.3% |
EWU | Sell | ISHARES MSCI UNITED KINGDOM ETFetf | $2,198,000 | -18.8% | 73,355 | -8.8% | 1.11% | +4.5% |
AES | Sell | AES CORP COMstock | $2,156,000 | -23.7% | 102,612 | -6.5% | 1.08% | -1.7% |
BKLN | Sell | INVESCO SENIOR LOAN ETFetf | $2,144,000 | -12.5% | 105,773 | -6.0% | 1.08% | +12.6% |
BDC | Buy | BELDEN INC COMstock | $2,021,000 | +47.0% | 37,932 | +52.8% | 1.02% | +89.0% |
SHV | New | ISHARES SHORT TREASURY BOND ETFetf | $1,966,000 | – | 17,854 | +100.0% | 0.99% | – |
FLOT | Buy | ISHARES FLOATING RATE BOND ETFetf | $1,926,000 | +4.1% | 38,590 | +5.3% | 0.97% | +33.8% |
EOG | Buy | EOG RES INC COMstock | $1,900,000 | -7.2% | 17,204 | +0.2% | 0.96% | +19.5% |
MSFT | Sell | MICROSOFT CORP COMstock | $1,840,000 | -21.4% | 7,165 | -5.7% | 0.93% | +1.1% |
C | Buy | CITIGROUP INC COM NEWstock | $1,836,000 | +36.8% | 39,918 | +58.9% | 0.92% | +76.0% |
ACWX | Sell | ISHARES MSCI ACWI EX US INDEX FUNDetf | $1,715,000 | -22.4% | 38,104 | -9.9% | 0.86% | -0.1% |
MGY | Sell | MAGNOLIA OIL & GAS CORP CL Astock | $1,679,000 | -18.2% | 80,006 | -7.8% | 0.84% | +5.4% |
GOOG | Sell | ALPHABET INC CAP STK CL Cstock | $1,606,000 | -23.1% | 734 | -1.9% | 0.81% | -1.1% |
LSXMK | Sell | LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DEL COM C SIRIUSXMstock | $1,509,000 | -27.2% | 41,868 | -7.7% | 0.76% | -6.4% |
CWST | CASELLA WASTE SYS INC CL Astock | $1,441,000 | -17.0% | 19,820 | 0.0% | 0.72% | +6.8% | |
ABT | Sell | ABBOTT LABS COMstock | $1,392,000 | -8.4% | 12,814 | -0.2% | 0.70% | +17.8% |
FLL | Buy | FULL HSE RESORTS INC COMstock | $1,388,000 | -36.4% | 228,267 | +0.6% | 0.70% | -18.2% |
SCHF | Sell | SCHWAB INTERNATIONAL EQUITY ETFetf | $1,298,000 | -22.6% | 41,271 | -9.6% | 0.65% | -0.3% |
LBRDA | New | LIBERTY BROADBAND CORP COM SER Astock | $1,238,000 | – | 10,900 | +100.0% | 0.62% | – |
NOC | Sell | NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP COMstock | $1,124,000 | -11.1% | 2,348 | -16.9% | 0.56% | +14.4% |
KYN | Sell | KAYNE ANDERSON ENERGY INFRSTR COMcef | $1,114,000 | -57.6% | 132,966 | -53.3% | 0.56% | -45.4% |
MAT | Sell | MATTEL INC COMstock | $1,055,000 | -1.0% | 47,250 | -1.6% | 0.53% | +27.3% |
BTG | Buy | B2GOLD CORP COMstock | $1,055,000 | +8.5% | 311,152 | +47.0% | 0.53% | +39.7% |
MBII | Buy | MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS INC COMstock | $1,039,000 | +140.0% | 895,873 | +123.6% | 0.52% | +209.5% |
EXC | Sell | EXELON CORP COMstock | $977,000 | -7.8% | 21,568 | -3.1% | 0.49% | +18.6% |
WMT | Buy | WALMART INC COMstock | $932,000 | -11.9% | 7,669 | +8.0% | 0.47% | +13.3% |
CVX | Buy | CHEVRON CORP NEW COMstock | $912,000 | -10.4% | 6,301 | +0.8% | 0.46% | +15.3% |
AAPL | New | APPLE INC COMput | $889,000 | – | 6,500 | +100.0% | 0.45% | – |
FIVG | Sell | DEFIANCE NEXT GEN CONNECTIVITY ETFetf | $839,000 | -76.1% | 26,638 | -71.5% | 0.42% | -69.2% |
FWONA | Buy | LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DEL COM SER A FRMLAstock | $835,000 | +0.1% | 14,408 | +9.1% | 0.42% | +28.8% |
IAU | Buy | ISHARES GOLD TRUSTetf | $834,000 | -3.9% | 24,313 | +3.1% | 0.42% | +23.9% |
SCHE | New | SCHWAB EMERGING MARKETS EQUITY ETFetf | $811,000 | – | 31,960 | +100.0% | 0.41% | – |
NEO | Buy | NEOGENOMICS INC COM NEWstock | $722,000 | -28.2% | 88,604 | +7.2% | 0.36% | -7.6% |
LMT | Sell | LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP COMstock | $718,000 | -33.6% | 1,671 | -31.8% | 0.36% | -14.7% |
MAS | Buy | MASCO CORP COMstock | $628,000 | -0.2% | 12,416 | +0.6% | 0.32% | +28.5% |
TSLA | Sell | TESLA INC COMstock | $605,000 | -43.5% | 898 | -9.6% | 0.30% | -27.3% |
APH | Buy | AMPHENOL CORP NEW CL Astock | $604,000 | +17.3% | 9,382 | +37.4% | 0.30% | +51.2% |
MPLX | New | MPLX LP COM UNIT REP LTDstock | $598,000 | – | 20,500 | +100.0% | 0.30% | – |
JPM | Buy | JPMORGAN CHASE & CO COMstock | $588,000 | -17.3% | 5,219 | +0.0% | 0.30% | +6.5% |
ATGE | Sell | ADTALEM GLOBAL ED INC COMstock | $578,000 | +19.9% | 16,074 | -0.9% | 0.29% | +54.8% |
BATRA | LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DEL COM A BRAVES GRPstock | $558,000 | -12.5% | 22,174 | 0.0% | 0.28% | +12.9% | |
CSCO | Sell | CISCO SYS INC COMstock | $550,000 | -24.0% | 12,896 | -0.7% | 0.28% | -2.1% |
New | QUIDELORTHO CORP COMstock | $544,000 | – | 5,603 | +100.0% | 0.27% | – | |
LMACU | New | LIBERTY MEDIA ACQUISITION CORP UNIT EX 012226stock | $530,000 | – | 53,445 | +100.0% | 0.27% | – |
EFA | Sell | ISHARES MSCI EAFE ETFetf | $525,000 | -19.8% | 8,395 | -5.6% | 0.26% | +3.1% |
IWM | Sell | ISHARES RUSSELL 2000 ETFetf | $516,000 | -18.0% | 3,044 | -0.6% | 0.26% | +5.7% |
NTR | Sell | NUTRIEN LTD COMstock | $493,000 | -25.8% | 6,181 | -3.1% | 0.25% | -4.6% |
TAP | MOLSON COORS BEVERAGE CO CL Bstock | $487,000 | +2.1% | 8,930 | 0.0% | 0.24% | +31.0% | |
XLY | Sell | CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SELECT SECTOR SPDR FUNDetf | $486,000 | -30.4% | 3,534 | -6.4% | 0.24% | -10.6% |
SPGI | Sell | S&P GLOBAL INC COMstock | $480,000 | -31.9% | 1,424 | -17.1% | 0.24% | -12.7% |
Buy | SOMALOGIC INC CLASS A COMstock | $472,000 | +88.0% | 104,367 | +233.1% | 0.24% | +141.8% | |
VWO | Sell | VANGUARD FTSE EMERGING MARKETS ETFetf | $462,000 | -25.8% | 11,092 | -17.9% | 0.23% | -4.9% |
ICAD | Buy | ICAD INC COM NEWstock | $426,000 | +3.4% | 106,503 | +15.4% | 0.21% | +32.9% |
LIND | Buy | LINDBLAD EXPEDITIONS HLDGS INC COMstock | $418,000 | +72.7% | 51,631 | +221.1% | 0.21% | +121.1% |
BRKA | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC DEL CL Astock | $409,000 | -22.7% | 1 | 0.0% | 0.21% | -0.5% | |
BWXT | New | BWX TECHNOLOGIES INC COMstock | $398,000 | – | 7,219 | +100.0% | 0.20% | – |
LKQ | New | LKQ CORP COMstock | $398,000 | – | 8,112 | +100.0% | 0.20% | – |
AMZN | Buy | AMAZON COM INC COMstock | $393,000 | -34.8% | 3,700 | +1900.0% | 0.20% | -16.1% |
CMC | Buy | COMMERCIAL METALS CO COMstock | $393,000 | -20.1% | 11,869 | +0.3% | 0.20% | +3.1% |
SCHL | Buy | SCHOLASTIC CORP COMstock | $390,000 | -10.3% | 10,856 | +0.5% | 0.20% | +15.3% |
WAB | WABTEC COMstock | $368,000 | -14.6% | 4,478 | 0.0% | 0.18% | +9.5% | |
UTI | Buy | UNIVERSAL TECHNICAL INST INC COMstock | $359,000 | -17.3% | 50,310 | +2.5% | 0.18% | +6.5% |
SYK | STRYKER CORPORATION COMstock | $350,000 | -25.7% | 1,761 | 0.0% | 0.18% | -4.3% | |
MEI | Sell | METHODE ELECTRS INC COMstock | $348,000 | -30.8% | 9,405 | -19.1% | 0.18% | -11.2% |
VTGN | Buy | VISTAGEN THERAPEUTICS INC COM NEWstock | $344,000 | +37.6% | 390,742 | +93.7% | 0.17% | +76.5% |
GLW | Buy | CORNING INC COMstock | $335,000 | -2.6% | 10,622 | +14.1% | 0.17% | +26.1% |
LSXMA | Sell | LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DEL COM A SIRIUSXMstock | $326,000 | -53.8% | 9,047 | -41.4% | 0.16% | -40.6% |
OC | Buy | OWENS CORNING NEW COMstock | $324,000 | -18.8% | 4,363 | +0.1% | 0.16% | +4.5% |
IWD | Sell | ISHARES RUSSELL 1000 VALUE ETFetf | $314,000 | -29.1% | 2,166 | -18.8% | 0.16% | -8.7% |
BRKB | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC DEL CL B NEWstock | $313,000 | -22.5% | 1,146 | 0.0% | 0.16% | -0.6% | |
CMCO | New | COLUMBUS MCKINNON CORP N Y COMstock | $308,000 | – | 10,859 | +100.0% | 0.16% | – |
DGX | QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC COMstock | $304,000 | -2.6% | 2,283 | 0.0% | 0.15% | +25.4% | |
WDC | Buy | WESTERN DIGITAL CORP. COMstock | $302,000 | -7.1% | 6,732 | +2.7% | 0.15% | +19.7% |
UNF | Buy | UNIFIRST CORP MASS COMstock | $293,000 | -4.2% | 1,701 | +2.3% | 0.15% | +22.5% |
MSI | MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS INC COM NEWstock | $289,000 | -13.2% | 1,377 | 0.0% | 0.14% | +11.5% | |
NVDA | Sell | NVIDIA CORPORATION COMstock | $288,000 | -51.5% | 1,900 | -12.6% | 0.14% | -37.5% |
EFV | Buy | ISHARES MSCI EAFE VALUE ETFetf | $289,000 | -13.2% | 6,659 | +0.5% | 0.14% | +11.5% |
QGEN | QIAGEN NV SHS NEWstock | $286,000 | -3.7% | 6,058 | 0.0% | 0.14% | +24.1% | |
RSG | REPUBLIC SVCS INC COMstock | $284,000 | -1.0% | 2,169 | 0.0% | 0.14% | +27.7% | |
SANW | Sell | S&W SEED CO COMstock | $279,000 | -75.2% | 275,905 | -47.8% | 0.14% | -68.2% |
FSS | FEDERAL SIGNAL CORP COMstock | $258,000 | +5.3% | 7,248 | 0.0% | 0.13% | +35.4% | |
GLD | SPDR GOLD SHARESetf | $256,000 | -6.6% | 1,518 | 0.0% | 0.13% | +20.6% | |
VGK | Sell | VANGUARD FTSE EUROPE ETFetf | $255,000 | -19.8% | 4,819 | -5.7% | 0.13% | +3.2% |
CNMD | CONMED CORP COMstock | $248,000 | -35.6% | 2,591 | 0.0% | 0.12% | -17.2% | |
SEAS | Buy | SEAWORLD ENTMT INC COMstock | $242,000 | -38.6% | 5,475 | +3.3% | 0.12% | -20.8% |
PWFL | Buy | POWERFLEET INC COMstock | $235,000 | -5.2% | 108,327 | +29.6% | 0.12% | +21.6% |
VXUS | Sell | VANGUARD TOTAL INTERNATIONAL STOCK ETFetf | $228,000 | -26.2% | 4,425 | -14.5% | 0.12% | -5.0% |
RMD | RESMED INC COMstock | $229,000 | -13.6% | 1,094 | 0.0% | 0.12% | +10.6% | |
SPY | Sell | SPDR S&P 500 ETFetf | $224,000 | -17.0% | 595 | -0.7% | 0.11% | +6.6% |
MGA | MAGNA INTL INC COMstock | $224,000 | -14.5% | 4,080 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +10.8% | |
TSCO | TRACTOR SUPPLY CO COMstock | $224,000 | -16.7% | 1,154 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +7.6% | |
A | AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC COMstock | $220,000 | -10.2% | 1,851 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +15.6% | |
PNR | Buy | PENTAIR PLC SHSstock | $215,000 | -15.4% | 4,699 | +0.2% | 0.11% | +9.1% |
UBER | Sell | UBER TECHNOLOGIES INC COMstock | $214,000 | -66.1% | 10,457 | -40.9% | 0.11% | -56.3% |
DCI | DONALDSON INC COMstock | $213,000 | -7.4% | 4,421 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +18.9% | |
PFE | PFIZER INC COMstock | $211,000 | +1.4% | 4,016 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +30.9% | |
VT | Sell | VANGUARD TOTAL WORLD STOCK INDEX FUNDetf | $205,000 | -17.3% | 2,403 | -2.0% | 0.10% | +6.2% |
NYT | Buy | NEW YORK TIMES CO CL Astock | $204,000 | -16.4% | 7,314 | +37.1% | 0.10% | +8.4% |
AEP | AMERICAN ELEC PWR CO INC COMstock | $204,000 | -3.8% | 2,126 | 0.0% | 0.10% | +24.1% | |
NOTV | Buy | INOTIV INC COMstock | $168,000 | -52.0% | 17,543 | +31.2% | 0.08% | -38.0% |
BTZ | BLACKROCK CR ALLOCATION INCOME COMcef | $157,000 | -13.3% | 14,429 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +11.3% | |
AQB | Buy | AQUABOUNTY TECHNOLOGIES INC COM NEWstock | $150,000 | -2.6% | 87,835 | +6.3% | 0.08% | +25.0% |
EYEN | Buy | EYENOVIA INC COMstock | $113,000 | -31.9% | 57,774 | +6.2% | 0.06% | -12.3% |
AUD | Sell | AUDACY INC CL Astock | $25,000 | -68.8% | 26,331 | -4.6% | 0.01% | -58.1% |
TUEM | New | TUESDAY MORNING CORP COMstock | $22,000 | – | 60,000 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
KERN | Sell | AKERNA CORP COMstock | $6,000 | -88.5% | 42,884 | -5.1% | 0.00% | -85.0% |
JAAA | Exit | JANUS HENDERSON AAA CLO ETFetf | $0 | – | -4,189 | -100.0% | -0.08% | – |
CTAS | Exit | CINTAS CORP COMstock | $0 | – | -525 | -100.0% | -0.09% | – |
NEE | Exit | NEXTERA ENERGY INC COMstock | $0 | – | -2,836 | -100.0% | -0.09% | – |
INTC | Exit | INTEL CORP COMstock | $0 | – | -4,940 | -100.0% | -0.10% | – |
GILD | Exit | GILEAD SCIENCES INC COMstock | $0 | – | -4,467 | -100.0% | -0.10% | – |
FB | Exit | META PLATFORMS INC CL Astock | $0 | – | -1,205 | -100.0% | -0.10% | – |
CHKP | Exit | CHECK POINT SOFTWARE TECH LTD ORDstock | $0 | – | -1,998 | -100.0% | -0.11% | – |
PDI | Exit | PIMCO DYNAMIC INCOME FD SHScef | $0 | – | -11,645 | -100.0% | -0.11% | – |
IDA | Exit | IDACORP INC COMstock | $0 | – | -2,640 | -100.0% | -0.12% | – |
MOO | Exit | VANECK AGRIBUSINESS ETFetf | $0 | – | -3,180 | -100.0% | -0.13% | – |
CODI | Exit | COMPASS DIVERSIFIED SH BEN INTstock | $0 | – | -16,523 | -100.0% | -0.15% | – |
DVYE | Exit | ISHARES EMERGING MARKETS DIVIDEND ETFetf | $0 | – | -18,815 | -100.0% | -0.24% | – |
USFD | Exit | US FOODS HLDG CORP COMstock | $0 | – | -20,000 | -100.0% | -0.29% | – |
IAC | Exit | IAC INTERACTIVECORP NEW COM NEWstock | $0 | – | -9,811 | -100.0% | -0.38% | – |
PFF | Exit | ISHARES PREFERRED INCOME SECURITIES ETFetf | $0 | – | -27,363 | -100.0% | -0.39% | – |
IQLT | Exit | ISHARES MSCI INTL QUALITY FACTOR ETFetf | $0 | – | -31,032 | -100.0% | -0.45% | – |
ARCC | Exit | ARES CAPITAL CORP COMcef | $0 | – | -72,970 | -100.0% | -0.60% | – |
Exit | ENVIVA INC COMstock | $0 | – | -31,981 | -100.0% | -0.99% | – | |
WFC | Exit | WELLS FARGO CO NEW COMstock | $0 | – | -53,324 | -100.0% | -1.01% | – |
FCX | Exit | FREEPORT-MCMORAN INC CL Bstock | $0 | – | -103,148 | -100.0% | -2.01% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2022-07-29
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
SPDR S&P 500 ETF TRUST | 12 | Q3 2023 | 36.4% |
QUALCOMM INC COM | 12 | Q3 2023 | 4.5% |
ASTRAZENECA PLC SPONSORED ADR | 12 | Q3 2023 | 5.4% |
TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MFG LTD SPONSORED ADS | 12 | Q3 2023 | 3.7% |
SANOFI SPONSORED ADR | 12 | Q3 2023 | 4.7% |
APPLE INC COM | 12 | Q3 2023 | 2.7% |
GENTEX CORP COM | 12 | Q3 2023 | 3.1% |
ABBVIE INC COM | 12 | Q3 2023 | 2.9% |
POPULAR INC COM NEW | 12 | Q3 2023 | 2.3% |
ENTERPRISE PRODS PARTNERS L P COM | 12 | Q3 2023 | 2.3% |
View OAK FAMILY ADVISORS, LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-04-24 |
13F-HR | 2024-01-30 |
13F-HR | 2023-10-20 |
13F-HR | 2023-08-02 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-01 |
13F-HR | 2023-01-27 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-10 |
13F-HR | 2022-07-29 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-03 |
13F-HR | 2022-02-02 |
View OAK FAMILY ADVISORS, LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.