$168 Million is the total value of JEPPSON WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC's 139 reported holdings in Q1 2021. The portfolio turnover from Q4 2020 to Q1 2021 was 11.0% .
| Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VTIP | Buy | VANGUARD SHORT-TERM INFLATION-PROTECTED SECURITIES ETF | $29,326,000 | +54.6% | 569,000 | +53.2% | 17.44% | +38.2% |
| AAPL | Sell | APPLE INC COMstock | $12,586,000 | -8.7% | 103,040 | -0.8% | 7.48% | -18.3% |
| LMT | Buy | LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP COMstock | $6,302,000 | +15.0% | 17,057 | +10.5% | 3.75% | +2.9% |
| TIP | Buy | ISHARES TIPS BOND ETFetf | $5,025,000 | +0.3% | 40,045 | +2.0% | 2.99% | -10.3% |
| SCHP | Sell | SCHWAB U.S. TIPS ETFetf | $4,657,000 | -38.0% | 76,150 | -37.1% | 2.77% | -44.6% |
| AMZN | Buy | AMAZON COM INC COMstock | $4,337,000 | -4.5% | 1,402 | +0.5% | 2.58% | -14.6% |
| DIS | Sell | DISNEY WALT CO COMstock | $3,628,000 | +1.7% | 19,664 | -0.2% | 2.16% | -9.1% |
| MSFT | Sell | MICROSOFT CORP COMstock | $3,072,000 | +4.3% | 13,029 | -1.6% | 1.83% | -6.7% |
| CSCO | Sell | CISCO SYS INC COMstock | $2,935,000 | +13.4% | 56,775 | -1.8% | 1.74% | +1.4% |
| AEP | Buy | AMERICAN ELEC PWR CO INC COMstock | $2,907,000 | +61.9% | 34,324 | +59.1% | 1.73% | +44.8% |
| T | Sell | AT&T INC COMstock | $2,564,000 | -4.5% | 84,729 | -9.3% | 1.52% | -14.6% |
| GOOG | Sell | ALPHABET INC CAP STK CL Cstock | $2,546,000 | +17.2% | 1,231 | -0.7% | 1.51% | +4.8% |
| ANAT | Sell | AMERICAN NATIONAL GROUP INC COM NEWstock | $2,434,000 | +11.6% | 22,571 | -0.5% | 1.45% | -0.2% |
| INTC | Sell | INTEL CORP COMstock | $2,332,000 | +14.1% | 36,440 | -11.1% | 1.39% | +2.1% |
| VZ | Buy | VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC COMstock | $2,199,000 | +22.4% | 37,817 | +23.7% | 1.31% | +9.5% |
| JPM | Sell | JPMORGAN CHASE & CO COMstock | $2,070,000 | +6.4% | 13,598 | -11.2% | 1.23% | -4.9% |
| PFE | Buy | PFIZER INC COMstock | $2,053,000 | +9.6% | 56,671 | +11.4% | 1.22% | -1.9% |
| BAC | Sell | BK OF AMERICA CORP COMstock | $1,955,000 | +26.6% | 50,555 | -0.8% | 1.16% | +13.2% |
| LLY | Sell | LILLY ELI & CO COMstock | $1,828,000 | +8.8% | 9,786 | -1.7% | 1.09% | -2.7% |
| BABA | Buy | ALIBABA GROUP HLDG LTD SPONSORED ADSadr | $1,599,000 | +8.7% | 7,056 | +11.6% | 0.95% | -2.8% |
| FB | Sell | FACEBOOK INC CL Astock | $1,559,000 | +6.1% | 5,295 | -1.6% | 0.93% | -5.1% |
| OXY | Sell | OCCIDENTAL PETE CORP COMstock | $1,451,000 | +35.6% | 54,520 | -11.8% | 0.86% | +21.4% |
| XOM | Sell | EXXON MOBIL CORP COMstock | $1,449,000 | +35.0% | 25,968 | -0.2% | 0.86% | +20.9% |
| MRK | Buy | MERCK & CO. INC COMstock | $1,441,000 | +24.9% | 18,703 | +32.6% | 0.86% | +11.7% |
| KHC | Sell | KRAFT HEINZ CO COMstock | $1,439,000 | +14.8% | 35,988 | -0.4% | 0.86% | +2.8% |
| UBER | Sell | UBER TECHNOLOGIES INC COMstock | $1,409,000 | +3.5% | 25,859 | -3.1% | 0.84% | -7.4% |
| WMT | Sell | WALMART INC COMstock | $1,343,000 | -6.1% | 9,893 | -0.3% | 0.80% | -16.0% |
| NVDA | Sell | NVIDIA CORPORATION COMstock | $1,316,000 | -0.1% | 2,466 | -2.2% | 0.78% | -10.6% |
| DOW | Sell | DOW INC COMstock | $1,312,000 | +14.3% | 20,529 | -0.8% | 0.78% | +2.2% |
| BA | Sell | BOEING CO COMstock | $1,285,000 | +17.4% | 5,045 | -1.4% | 0.76% | +4.9% |
| D | Buy | DOMINION ENERGY INC COMstock | $1,270,000 | +205.3% | 16,722 | +202.5% | 0.76% | +172.6% |
| CVX | Sell | CHEVRON CORP NEW COMstock | $1,235,000 | +22.2% | 11,789 | -1.5% | 0.73% | +9.2% |
| GIS | Sell | GENERAL MLS INC COMstock | $1,231,000 | +3.8% | 20,090 | -0.4% | 0.73% | -7.2% |
| RTX | Sell | RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP COMstock | $1,191,000 | +8.0% | 15,416 | -0.1% | 0.71% | -3.4% |
| COP | Sell | CONOCOPHILLIPS COMstock | $1,143,000 | +30.3% | 21,580 | -1.6% | 0.68% | +16.6% |
| VTI | Buy | VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET INDEX FUNDetf | $1,138,000 | +6.5% | 5,506 | +0.3% | 0.68% | -4.8% |
| BMY | Sell | BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB CO COMstock | $1,135,000 | +1.4% | 17,980 | -0.3% | 0.68% | -9.3% |
| SRE | Buy | SEMPRA ENERGY COMstock | $1,114,000 | +36.7% | 8,407 | +31.4% | 0.66% | +22.1% |
| ORCL | Sell | ORACLE CORP COMstock | $1,103,000 | +1.0% | 15,724 | -6.8% | 0.66% | -9.6% |
| WPM | Buy | WHEATON PRECIOUS METALS CORP COMstock | $1,070,000 | +16.9% | 28,025 | +27.8% | 0.64% | +4.6% |
| VUG | Sell | VANGUARD GROWTH INDEX FUNDetf | $1,067,000 | +1.0% | 4,154 | -0.4% | 0.63% | -9.7% |
| DUK | Buy | DUKE ENERGY CORP NEW COM NEWstock | $1,052,000 | +16.1% | 10,903 | +10.2% | 0.63% | +4.0% |
| CG | Sell | CARLYLE GROUP INC COMstock | $1,033,000 | +14.3% | 28,103 | -2.3% | 0.61% | +2.2% |
| GOOGL | Sell | ALPHABET INC CAP STK CL Astock | $1,029,000 | +16.0% | 499 | -1.4% | 0.61% | +3.7% |
| HD | Sell | HOME DEPOT INC COMstock | $1,030,000 | +5.6% | 3,375 | -8.0% | 0.61% | -5.6% |
| PG | Sell | PROCTER AND GAMBLE CO COMstock | $991,000 | -3.5% | 7,318 | -0.9% | 0.59% | -13.8% |
| SPG | Sell | SIMON PPTY GROUP INC NEW COMreit | $955,000 | +31.4% | 8,400 | -1.5% | 0.57% | +17.6% |
| WFC | WELLS FARGO CO NEW COMstock | $930,000 | +29.3% | 23,816 | 0.0% | 0.55% | +15.7% | |
| RIO | Sell | RIO TINTO PLC SPONSORED ADRadr | $918,000 | +2.9% | 11,831 | -0.2% | 0.55% | -7.9% |
| PSX | Sell | PHILLIPS 66 COMstock | $907,000 | +12.0% | 11,135 | -3.9% | 0.54% | 0.0% |
| QCOM | Buy | QUALCOMM INC COMstock | $810,000 | -12.6% | 6,111 | +0.4% | 0.48% | -21.8% |
| SHOP | Sell | SHOPIFY INC CL Astock | $765,000 | -3.3% | 692 | -1.0% | 0.46% | -13.5% |
| GILD | Sell | GILEAD SCIENCES INC COMstock | $761,000 | -1.4% | 11,783 | -11.1% | 0.45% | -11.7% |
| PEP | Buy | PEPSICO INC COMstock | $742,000 | -1.1% | 5,248 | +3.8% | 0.44% | -11.6% |
| QQQ | INVESCO QQQ TRUSTetf | $731,000 | +1.7% | 2,291 | 0.0% | 0.44% | -9.0% | |
| COF | Sell | CAPITAL ONE FINL CORP COMstock | $732,000 | +25.1% | 5,760 | -2.7% | 0.44% | +11.8% |
| BX | Sell | BLACKSTONE GROUP INC COMstock | $723,000 | +14.6% | 9,714 | -0.3% | 0.43% | +2.4% |
| WELL | WELLTOWER INC COMreit | $714,000 | +10.9% | 9,968 | 0.0% | 0.42% | -0.7% | |
| OHI | Buy | OMEGA HEALTHCARE INVS INC COMreit | $703,000 | +1.0% | 19,212 | +0.2% | 0.42% | -9.7% |
| BYND | Sell | BEYOND MEAT INC COMstock | $694,000 | -14.6% | 5,338 | -17.9% | 0.41% | -23.7% |
| UNH | Sell | UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC COMstock | $670,000 | +5.3% | 1,802 | -0.6% | 0.40% | -5.9% |
| PANW | Sell | PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC COMstock | $667,000 | -10.8% | 2,072 | -1.5% | 0.40% | -20.1% |
| VER | Sell | VEREIT INC COMreit | $617,000 | +1.8% | 15,997 | -0.2% | 0.37% | -8.9% |
| BHP | Sell | BHP GROUP LTD SPONSORED ADSadr | $609,000 | +2.9% | 8,781 | -3.1% | 0.36% | -8.1% |
| ADBE | Buy | ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED COMstock | $603,000 | +24.1% | 1,269 | +30.6% | 0.36% | +11.1% |
| KMI | Sell | KINDER MORGAN INC DEL COMstock | $601,000 | +16.0% | 36,155 | -4.6% | 0.36% | +3.8% |
| IBM | Buy | INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHS COMstock | $593,000 | +7.0% | 4,450 | +1.1% | 0.35% | -4.1% |
| WM | Sell | WASTE MGMT INC DEL COMstock | $578,000 | +9.1% | 4,486 | -0.1% | 0.34% | -2.3% |
| CAH | Sell | CARDINAL HEALTH INC COMstock | $576,000 | +12.7% | 9,485 | -0.5% | 0.34% | +0.9% |
| ABT | ABBOTT LABS COMstock | $570,000 | +9.4% | 4,759 | 0.0% | 0.34% | -2.0% | |
| NEE | Sell | NEXTERA ENERGY INC COMstock | $568,000 | -3.4% | 7,525 | -1.3% | 0.34% | -13.6% |
| NEM | Buy | NEWMONT CORP COMstock | $527,000 | +36.2% | 8,760 | +35.4% | 0.31% | +21.8% |
| SCHB | Buy | SCHWAB U.S. BROAD MARKET ETFetf | $523,000 | +6.5% | 5,409 | +0.3% | 0.31% | -4.6% |
| SBUX | Sell | STARBUCKS CORP COMstock | $509,000 | +0.6% | 4,666 | -1.4% | 0.30% | -9.8% |
| UPS | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC CL Bstock | $507,000 | +0.8% | 2,987 | 0.0% | 0.30% | -9.9% | |
| ALL | Sell | ALLSTATE CORP COMstock | $500,000 | +4.0% | 4,354 | -0.5% | 0.30% | -7.2% |
| ADP | Sell | AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING INC COMstock | $490,000 | +6.3% | 2,605 | -0.4% | 0.29% | -5.2% |
| TRV | TRAVELERS COMPANIES INC COMstock | $484,000 | +7.1% | 3,223 | 0.0% | 0.29% | -4.3% | |
| TSLA | Sell | TESLA INC COMstock | $472,000 | -21.6% | 707 | -17.1% | 0.28% | -29.8% |
| ABBV | Sell | ABBVIE INC COMstock | $462,000 | +0.2% | 4,270 | -0.7% | 0.28% | -10.4% |
| PAYX | Sell | PAYCHEX INC COMstock | $459,000 | +4.6% | 4,690 | -0.5% | 0.27% | -6.5% |
| JNJ | Buy | JOHNSON & JOHNSON COMstock | $459,000 | +7.7% | 2,798 | +3.4% | 0.27% | -3.5% |
| GLW | Sell | CORNING INC COMstock | $449,000 | +19.1% | 10,320 | -1.5% | 0.27% | +6.4% |
| HTA | Buy | HEALTHCARE TR AMER INC CL A NEWreit | $449,000 | +5.6% | 16,305 | +5.6% | 0.27% | -5.7% |
| CCL | Buy | CARNIVAL CORP PAIRED CTFstock | $449,000 | +25.8% | 16,925 | +2.8% | 0.27% | +12.7% |
| NOC | Buy | NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP COMstock | $448,000 | +85.9% | 1,385 | +75.3% | 0.27% | +66.2% |
| MCD | Buy | MCDONALDS CORP COMstock | $448,000 | +13.1% | 2,003 | +8.6% | 0.27% | +1.1% |
| VBK | Buy | VANGUARD SMALL-CAP GROWTH INDEX FUNDetf | $438,000 | +2.6% | 1,597 | +0.1% | 0.26% | -8.5% |
| HON | Sell | HONEYWELL INTL INC COMstock | $435,000 | +0.7% | 2,006 | -1.3% | 0.26% | -9.8% |
| EVRG | Sell | EVERGY INC COMstock | $433,000 | +4.8% | 7,285 | -2.0% | 0.26% | -6.5% |
| KYN | Buy | KAYNE ANDERSON ENERGY INFRSTR COMcef | $423,000 | +24.4% | 59,050 | +0.0% | 0.25% | +11.5% |
| GLD | Buy | SPDR GOLD SHARESetf | $399,000 | -9.5% | 2,500 | +1.0% | 0.24% | -19.1% |
| C | Buy | CITIGROUP INC COM NEWstock | $392,000 | +18.8% | 5,392 | +0.9% | 0.23% | +6.4% |
| VIAC | New | VIACOMCBS INC CL Bstock | $386,000 | – | 8,566 | +100.0% | 0.23% | – |
| BRKA | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC DEL CL Astock | $385,000 | +10.6% | 1 | 0.0% | 0.23% | -0.9% | |
| AMLP | Sell | ALERIAN MLP ETFetf | $381,000 | +18.3% | 12,505 | -0.4% | 0.23% | +6.1% |
| GSK | Buy | GLAXOSMITHKLINE PLC SPONSORED ADRadr | $329,000 | -2.1% | 9,224 | +1.1% | 0.20% | -12.1% |
| TTWO | Sell | TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE COMstock | $329,000 | -15.6% | 1,862 | -0.7% | 0.20% | -24.3% |
| SCHW | Sell | SCHWAB CHARLES CORP COMstock | $323,000 | +11.4% | 4,969 | -9.2% | 0.19% | -0.5% |
| TSN | Sell | TYSON FOODS INC CL Astock | $317,000 | +13.2% | 4,278 | -1.6% | 0.19% | +1.6% |
| MDLZ | MONDELEZ INTL INC CL Astock | $308,000 | 0.0% | 5,275 | 0.0% | 0.18% | -10.7% | |
| QID | Sell | PROSHARES ULTRASHORT QQQetf | $307,000 | +24.3% | 11,775 | -66.2% | 0.18% | +11.6% |
| LYFT | Sell | LYFT INC CL A COMstock | $308,000 | +24.2% | 4,890 | -3.0% | 0.18% | +10.9% |
| AMGN | AMGEN INC COMstock | $305,000 | +8.2% | 1,226 | 0.0% | 0.18% | -3.2% | |
| MDT | Sell | MEDTRONIC PLC SHSstock | $305,000 | +0.3% | 2,585 | -0.4% | 0.18% | -10.4% |
| JBLU | Sell | JETBLUE AWYS CORP COMstock | $296,000 | +39.0% | 14,595 | -0.3% | 0.18% | +23.9% |
| POR | Buy | PORTLAND GEN ELEC CO COM NEWstock | $291,000 | +14.6% | 6,131 | +3.4% | 0.17% | +2.4% |
| VB | Sell | VANGUARD SMALL-CAP INDEX FUNDetf | $288,000 | +7.9% | 1,347 | -1.8% | 0.17% | -3.9% |
| BAX | BAXTER INTL INC COMstock | $285,000 | +5.2% | 3,381 | 0.0% | 0.17% | -6.1% | |
| CMG | CHIPOTLE MEXICAN GRILL INC COMstock | $284,000 | +2.5% | 200 | 0.0% | 0.17% | -8.2% | |
| BERY | Sell | BERRY GLOBAL GROUP INC COMstock | $283,000 | +8.8% | 4,622 | -0.2% | 0.17% | -2.9% |
| AWK | AMERICAN WTR WKS CO INC NEW COMstock | $278,000 | -2.5% | 1,860 | 0.0% | 0.16% | -12.7% | |
| CRM | Buy | SALESFORCE COM INC COMstock | $275,000 | +16.5% | 1,298 | +22.5% | 0.16% | +4.5% |
| FNV | Buy | FRANCO NEV CORP COMstock | $275,000 | +3.8% | 2,195 | +3.8% | 0.16% | -6.8% |
| ING | Sell | ING GROEP N.V. SPONSORED ADRadr | $274,000 | +29.2% | 22,425 | -0.0% | 0.16% | +15.6% |
| PYPL | Buy | PAYPAL HLDGS INC COMstock | $269,000 | +8.9% | 1,108 | +5.1% | 0.16% | -2.4% |
| MMM | 3M CO COMstock | $268,000 | +9.8% | 1,396 | 0.0% | 0.16% | -1.9% | |
| ADM | ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND CO COMstock | $268,000 | +12.6% | 4,715 | 0.0% | 0.16% | +0.6% | |
| KIM | Sell | KIMCO RLTY CORP COMreit | $268,000 | +24.1% | 14,337 | -0.2% | 0.16% | +10.4% |
| AQN | Sell | ALGONQUIN PWR UTILS CORP COMstock | $266,000 | -5.0% | 16,832 | -1.2% | 0.16% | -15.1% |
| KO | COCA COLA CO COMstock | $255,000 | -3.8% | 4,839 | 0.0% | 0.15% | -13.6% | |
| IJS | ISHARES S&P SMALL-CAP 600 VALUE ETFetf | $251,000 | +23.6% | 2,500 | 0.0% | 0.15% | +10.4% | |
| CMCSA | COMCAST CORP NEW CL Astock | $247,000 | +3.3% | 4,570 | 0.0% | 0.15% | -7.5% | |
| GDX | Buy | VANECK VECTORS GOLD MINERS ETFetf | $246,000 | -8.6% | 7,575 | +1.3% | 0.15% | -18.4% |
| DEO | Sell | DIAGEO PLC SPON ADR NEWadr | $240,000 | +1.7% | 1,465 | -1.2% | 0.14% | -8.9% |
| VSS | VANGUARD FTSE ALL-WORLD EX-US SMALL-CAP INDEX FUNDetf | $232,000 | +5.5% | 1,807 | 0.0% | 0.14% | -5.5% | |
| SCHA | New | SCHWAB U.S. SMALL-CAP ETFetf | $218,000 | – | 2,190 | +100.0% | 0.13% | – |
| TXN | New | TEXAS INSTRS INC COMstock | $215,000 | – | 1,139 | +100.0% | 0.13% | – |
| SNOW | New | SNOWFLAKE INC CL Astock | $212,000 | – | 926 | +100.0% | 0.13% | – |
| SPDN | New | DIREXION DAILY S&P 500 BEAR 1X SHARESetf | $210,000 | – | 12,200 | +100.0% | 0.12% | – |
| BDX | BECTON DICKINSON & CO COMstock | $211,000 | -2.8% | 868 | 0.0% | 0.12% | -13.2% | |
| ATRS | Sell | ANTARES PHARMA INC COMstock | $210,000 | +0.5% | 51,195 | -2.5% | 0.12% | -10.1% |
| VXUS | New | VANGUARD TOTAL INTERNATIONAL STOCK ETFetf | $204,000 | – | 3,265 | +100.0% | 0.12% | – |
| PEG | New | PUBLIC SVC ENTERPRISE GRP INC COMstock | $204,000 | – | 3,400 | +100.0% | 0.12% | – |
| BCE | New | BCE INC COM NEWstock | $203,000 | – | 4,500 | +100.0% | 0.12% | – |
| VBR | New | VANGUARD SMALL-CAP VALUE INDEX FUNDetf | $202,000 | – | 1,223 | +100.0% | 0.12% | – |
| DNP | DNP SELECT INCOME FD INC COMcef | $147,000 | -3.9% | 14,948 | 0.0% | 0.09% | -14.7% | |
| CDTX | Sell | CIDARA THERAPEUTICS INC COMstock | $126,000 | +20.0% | 47,550 | -9.0% | 0.08% | +7.1% |
| AUY | YAMANA GOLD INC COMstock | $98,000 | -24.0% | 22,600 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -32.6% | |
| SDS | Exit | PROSHARES ULTRASHORT S&P 500etf | $0 | – | -12,000 | -100.0% | -0.10% | – |
| SPXU | Exit | PROSHARES ULTRAPRO SHORT S&P500etf | $0 | – | -31,350 | -100.0% | -0.12% | – |
| KWR | Exit | QUAKER CHEM CORP COMstock | $0 | – | -810 | -100.0% | -0.14% | – |
| EW | Exit | EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORP COMstock | $0 | – | -2,421 | -100.0% | -0.15% | – |
| PSQ | Exit | PROSHARES SHORT QQQetf | $0 | – | -19,400 | -100.0% | -0.19% | – |
| VTRS | Exit | VIATRIS INC COMstock | $0 | – | -27,709 | -100.0% | -0.34% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2021-05-19
Top long-term holdings
| Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
|---|---|---|---|
| VANGUARD SHORT-TERM INFLATION-PROTECTED SECURITIES ETF | 13 | Q3 2023 | 18.8% |
| APPLE INC COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 9.5% |
| LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 4.5% |
| AMAZON COM INC COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 3.5% |
| EXXON MOBIL CORP COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 3.8% |
| MICROSOFT CORP COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 2.2% |
| DISNEY WALT CO COM DISNEY | 13 | Q3 2023 | 2.4% |
| VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 2.9% |
| CISCO SYS INC COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 1.7% |
| AMERICAN ELEC PWR CO INC COM | 13 | Q3 2023 | 1.7% |
View JEPPSON WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
| Type | Filed |
|---|---|
| 13F-HR | 2024-04-17 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-01-11 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-10-25 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-07-31 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-04-28 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-01-27 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-10-20 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-08-03 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-04-27 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-01-19 |
View JEPPSON WEALTH MANAGEMENT, LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.