$473 Million is the total value of Crescent Grove Advisors, LLC's 153 reported holdings in Q2 2020. The portfolio turnover from Q1 2020 to Q2 2020 was 27.8% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIS | Sell | Fidelity National Info Srvcs, Inc. | $112,048,000 | -27.4% | 835,615 | -34.2% | 23.68% | -31.0% |
BKI | Sell | Black Knight Inc Com | $42,563,000 | +24.9% | 586,588 | -0.1% | 9.00% | +18.7% |
SPY | Sell | SPDR S&P 500 ETFetf | $24,879,000 | +7.2% | 79,972 | -10.7% | 5.26% | +1.9% |
MAN | Manpowergroup Inc | $18,379,000 | +29.7% | 267,337 | 0.0% | 3.88% | +23.3% | |
RXN | Buy | Rexnord Corporation | $17,369,000 | +58.0% | 595,861 | +22.9% | 3.67% | +50.2% |
IVV | Sell | iShares S&P 500 ETFetf | $12,608,000 | +16.1% | 40,712 | -3.1% | 2.66% | +10.4% |
CNNE | Buy | Cannae HLDGS Inc Com | $12,266,000 | +121.8% | 298,435 | +80.8% | 2.59% | +111.0% |
GPI | Group 1 Automotive | $11,703,000 | +49.0% | 177,399 | 0.0% | 2.47% | +41.7% | |
QQQ | Buy | Powershares QQQ ETFetf | $10,382,000 | +36.3% | 41,858 | +5.1% | 2.19% | +29.6% |
NCR | Sell | NCR Corp | $9,550,000 | -2.7% | 551,380 | -0.6% | 2.02% | -7.5% |
XBI | Sell | SPDR S&P Biotech ETFetf | $9,312,000 | +40.7% | 83,180 | -2.7% | 1.97% | +33.7% |
XLF | Buy | Financial Sector SPDR ETFetf | $8,741,000 | +24.4% | 377,729 | +12.0% | 1.85% | +18.3% |
CDW | Buy | CDW Corporation | $8,485,000 | +44.5% | 73,030 | +16.0% | 1.79% | +37.3% |
FNF | Buy | Fidelity National Financial, Inc. | $7,996,000 | +51.2% | 260,781 | +22.7% | 1.69% | +43.7% |
AAPL | Sell | Apple | $7,508,000 | +27.3% | 20,582 | -11.3% | 1.59% | +21.1% |
IJH | Sell | iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETFetf | $6,911,000 | +13.5% | 38,863 | -8.1% | 1.46% | +8.0% |
IEFA | Buy | iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETFetf | $6,671,000 | +22.8% | 116,711 | +7.2% | 1.41% | +16.7% |
IBB | Sell | iShares Biotechnology ETFetf | $5,651,000 | +25.2% | 41,341 | -1.3% | 1.19% | +19.0% |
IJR | Sell | iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETFetf | $5,285,000 | +7.0% | 77,388 | -12.1% | 1.12% | +1.6% |
MMM | Buy | 3M Company | $5,266,000 | +15.0% | 33,760 | +0.7% | 1.11% | +9.3% |
IWP | Sell | iShares Russell Mid Cap Growth ETFetf | $5,185,000 | +18.7% | 32,793 | -8.7% | 1.10% | +12.9% |
IWO | Sell | iShares Russell 2000 Growth ETFetf | $4,613,000 | -30.5% | 22,301 | -46.9% | 0.98% | -33.9% |
IWF | Sell | iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETFetf | $4,573,000 | +25.4% | 23,826 | -1.5% | 0.97% | +19.2% |
CQQQ | Invesco Exchng (traded FD TR II China Technlgy)etf | $4,554,000 | +32.6% | 71,740 | 0.0% | 0.96% | +26.0% | |
EFA | Buy | iShares MSCI EAFEetf | $4,405,000 | +14.5% | 72,373 | +0.6% | 0.93% | +8.9% |
MSFT | Sell | Microsoft | $4,323,000 | +28.3% | 21,244 | -0.6% | 0.91% | +22.0% |
TLT | Buy | iShares 20 Year Treasury ETFetf | $4,175,000 | +68.9% | 25,467 | +70.0% | 0.88% | +60.4% |
VYM | Sell | Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETFetf | $4,067,000 | -4.4% | 51,628 | -14.1% | 0.86% | -9.1% |
SMAR | Smartsheet Inc | $3,923,000 | +22.7% | 77,050 | 0.0% | 0.83% | +16.6% | |
VTI | Sell | Vanguard Total Stock Market ETFetf | $3,321,000 | +12.8% | 21,214 | -7.1% | 0.70% | +7.2% |
FISV | Fiserv Inc | $3,125,000 | +2.8% | 32,009 | 0.0% | 0.66% | -2.2% | |
AMZN | Amazon.Com Inc | $2,935,000 | +41.4% | 1,064 | 0.0% | 0.62% | +34.5% | |
IBUY | Amplify ETF TR (amplify Online Retail Etf)etf | $2,899,000 | +69.3% | 41,255 | 0.0% | 0.61% | +60.9% | |
BFC | Bank First Natl Corp | $2,826,000 | +14.4% | 43,947 | 0.0% | 0.60% | +8.7% | |
SHW | Sherwin Williams Co | $2,424,000 | +25.7% | 4,195 | 0.0% | 0.51% | +19.3% | |
PG | Sell | Procter & Gamble | $2,151,000 | -2.4% | 17,986 | -10.2% | 0.46% | -7.1% |
GNW | Genworth Financial | $2,021,000 | -30.4% | 874,780 | 0.0% | 0.43% | -33.9% | |
IJJ | iShares S&P (midcap 400 Value Etf)etf | $1,953,000 | +21.2% | 14,692 | 0.0% | 0.41% | +15.4% | |
INTC | Buy | Intel Corp | $1,884,000 | +13.8% | 31,485 | +2.9% | 0.40% | +8.2% |
IWM | Sell | iShares Russell 2000 ETFetf | $1,845,000 | +23.4% | 12,884 | -1.4% | 0.39% | +17.5% |
IEMG | Buy | iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETFetf | $1,792,000 | +19.1% | 37,639 | +1.3% | 0.38% | +13.5% |
DVY | Sell | iShares Select Dividend ETFetf | $1,768,000 | +6.1% | 21,898 | -3.3% | 0.37% | +1.1% |
IWD | Buy | iShares Russell 1000 Value ETFetf | $1,522,000 | +16.0% | 13,517 | +2.2% | 0.32% | +10.3% |
VEA | Buy | Vanguard FTSEetf | $1,412,000 | +19.3% | 36,410 | +2.5% | 0.30% | +13.3% |
BA | Sell | Boeing Co | $1,387,000 | -27.1% | 7,564 | -40.7% | 0.29% | -30.7% |
THO | Thor Inds Inc | $1,235,000 | +153.6% | 11,545 | 0.0% | 0.26% | +141.7% | |
IUSV | Sell | iShares Core (S&P US Value Etf)etf | $1,172,000 | -39.9% | 22,440 | -46.9% | 0.25% | -42.9% |
VV | Sell | Vanguard LGCP.ETFetf | $1,157,000 | +14.1% | 8,092 | -5.5% | 0.24% | +8.9% |
BCE | Bce Inc Com New | $1,120,000 | +2.3% | 26,415 | 0.0% | 0.24% | -2.5% | |
IXJ | New | iShares S&P GLBL Healthetf | $1,100,000 | – | 16,000 | +100.0% | 0.23% | – |
IGF | New | iShares TR GLB (infrastr Etf)etf | $1,103,000 | – | 28,800 | +100.0% | 0.23% | – |
REET | New | iShares Trust Global (reit Etf)etf | $1,096,000 | – | 52,500 | +100.0% | 0.23% | – |
MRK | Buy | Merck & Co Inc New | $1,086,000 | +0.8% | 13,928 | +0.2% | 0.23% | -3.8% |
NWL | Buy | Newell Rubbermaid | $1,080,000 | +37.9% | 68,027 | +15.4% | 0.23% | +31.0% |
XLK | New | Technology Sector SPDR ETFetf | $1,073,000 | – | 10,266 | +100.0% | 0.23% | – |
JPM | Buy | JP Morgan Chase & Co. | $1,063,000 | +18.5% | 11,300 | +13.5% | 0.22% | +13.1% |
ITA | Sell | iShares Aerospace/Defense ETFetf | $1,062,000 | -19.0% | 6,448 | -29.3% | 0.22% | -23.0% |
ASB | Associated Banc Corp | $1,054,000 | +6.9% | 77,077 | 0.0% | 0.22% | +1.8% | |
IGV | New | iShares Software ETFetf | $1,038,000 | – | 3,650 | +100.0% | 0.22% | – |
SKYY | New | First Trust Cloud (computing Etf)etf | $1,035,000 | – | 13,890 | +100.0% | 0.22% | – |
IWR | Buy | iShares Russell Mid Cap ETFetf | $1,012,000 | +25.1% | 18,872 | +0.7% | 0.21% | +18.9% |
GOVT | iShares TR US Treas (BD Etf)etf | $986,000 | -0.1% | 35,238 | 0.0% | 0.21% | -5.0% | |
GRMN | Garmin LTD Com | $966,000 | +30.2% | 9,905 | 0.0% | 0.20% | +23.6% | |
EEM | Sell | iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETFetf | $925,000 | -54.5% | 23,143 | -61.2% | 0.20% | -56.6% |
CTG | Computer Task Group | $889,000 | +5.2% | 220,560 | 0.0% | 0.19% | 0.0% | |
ITOT | Buy | iShares Core S&P Total US Stock Market ETFetf | $868,000 | +75.0% | 12,498 | +44.2% | 0.18% | +66.4% |
CSCO | Buy | Cisco SYS Inc Com | $847,000 | +19.0% | 18,164 | +0.2% | 0.18% | +13.3% |
BMY | Buy | Bristol Myers Squibb | $824,000 | +7.9% | 14,010 | +2.3% | 0.17% | +2.4% |
XLG | New | Invesco Exchange (traded FD TR S&P 500 Top 50)etf | $814,000 | – | 3,422 | +100.0% | 0.17% | – |
RTX | New | Raytheon Technologies Corp Com | $796,000 | – | 12,914 | +100.0% | 0.17% | – |
BUSE | First Busey Corp Com | $756,000 | +8.9% | 40,555 | 0.0% | 0.16% | +3.9% | |
EPD | Buy | Enterprise Products | $746,000 | +37.4% | 41,069 | +8.1% | 0.16% | +30.6% |
XLP | Buy | SPDR Consumer Staples ETFetf | $725,000 | +15.6% | 12,367 | +7.4% | 0.15% | +10.1% |
JNJ | Sell | Johnson & Johnson | $687,000 | +5.0% | 4,889 | -2.0% | 0.14% | 0.0% |
VEU | Sell | Vanguard FTSE All-World Ex-US ETFetf | $664,000 | +8.3% | 13,955 | -6.6% | 0.14% | +2.9% |
NDLS | Noodles & Co Com | $639,000 | +28.3% | 105,641 | 0.0% | 0.14% | +21.6% | |
ACN | Buy | Accenture | $587,000 | +37.1% | 2,736 | +4.4% | 0.12% | +30.5% |
KRE | SPDR Ser TR (S&P Regl BKG Etf)etf | $575,000 | +17.8% | 14,978 | 0.0% | 0.12% | +11.9% | |
DIS | Sell | Disney Walt Co | $567,000 | +0.5% | 5,081 | -13.0% | 0.12% | -4.0% |
IJK | Sell | iShares S&P (mid Cap 400 Growth Etf)etf | $557,000 | +24.6% | 2,486 | -0.6% | 0.12% | +19.2% |
IDV | Buy | iShares Intl Select Div ETFetf | $552,000 | +30.2% | 21,966 | +17.0% | 0.12% | +24.5% |
PFE | Sell | Pfizer Inc | $543,000 | -4.4% | 16,620 | -4.5% | 0.12% | -8.7% |
TSLA | Tesla Motors Inc Com | $535,000 | +106.6% | 495 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +94.8% | |
JAX | J Alexanders HLDGS Inc Com | $533,000 | +28.4% | 108,381 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +22.8% | |
SHY | Buy | iShares Trust 1-3 (year Treasury Bond Etf)etf | $527,000 | +3.3% | 6,088 | +3.5% | 0.11% | -1.8% |
BRKB | Sell | Berkshire Hathaway | $509,000 | -26.2% | 2,854 | -24.4% | 0.11% | -29.4% |
DKNG | New | Draftkings Inc Com | $504,000 | – | 15,144 | +100.0% | 0.11% | – |
T | Sell | AT&T | $502,000 | -28.4% | 16,621 | -30.9% | 0.11% | -32.1% |
MO | Buy | Altria Group Inc | $479,000 | +1.5% | 11,945 | +0.0% | 0.10% | -3.8% |
XLE | Sell | Energy Sector SPDR ETFetf | $468,000 | -24.1% | 12,357 | -41.8% | 0.10% | -27.7% |
BMO | Bank Of Montreal Com | $466,000 | +5.4% | 8,792 | 0.0% | 0.10% | 0.0% | |
XOM | Buy | Exxon Mobil | $461,000 | +126.0% | 10,319 | +91.9% | 0.10% | +115.6% |
LLY | Buy | Lilly Eli & Co | $442,000 | +20.8% | 2,690 | +2.1% | 0.09% | +14.8% |
IVW | iShares S&P 500 (growth Etf)etf | $435,000 | +25.7% | 2,098 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +19.5% | |
CSX | CSX | $416,000 | +21.6% | 5,972 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +15.8% | |
AMGN | Amgen Inc | $417,000 | +16.5% | 1,767 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +10.0% | |
IBM | Buy | Intl Business Mach | $406,000 | +32.2% | 3,364 | +21.7% | 0.09% | +26.5% |
GOOG | Buy | Alphabet Inc Cap STK | $409,000 | +47.1% | 289 | +20.9% | 0.09% | +38.7% |
VIG | Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index ETFetf | $409,000 | +13.9% | 3,473 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +7.5% | |
BIIB | Biogen Inc Com | $401,000 | -15.6% | 1,500 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -19.8% | |
V | Buy | Visa Inc Com CL A | $404,000 | +21.0% | 2,090 | +0.7% | 0.08% | +14.9% |
NTES | Netease Inc ADRadr | $386,000 | +33.6% | 900 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +28.1% | |
NEE | Nextera Energy | $381,000 | 0.0% | 1,585 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -4.7% | |
SCHP | Sell | Schwab Strategic TR (us TIPS Etf)etf | $373,000 | +1.4% | 6,210 | -2.9% | 0.08% | -3.7% |
PM | Buy | Philip Morris Intl | $372,000 | -3.9% | 5,216 | +0.0% | 0.08% | -8.1% |
XLV | Sell | Health Care Select SPDR ETFetf | $374,000 | +5.4% | 3,741 | -6.7% | 0.08% | 0.0% |
EXAS | Exact Sciences Corp | $370,000 | +49.8% | 4,260 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +41.8% | |
TDG | Transdigm Group Inc | $371,000 | +37.9% | 840 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +30.0% | |
IEF | iShares 7-10 Year Treasury ETFetf | $347,000 | +0.3% | 2,845 | 0.0% | 0.07% | -5.2% | |
LMT | New | Lockheed Martin Corp | $341,000 | – | 935 | +100.0% | 0.07% | – |
DOV | Dover Corp | $342,000 | +15.2% | 3,543 | 0.0% | 0.07% | +9.1% | |
GLD | Buy | SPDR Gold Trustetf | $340,000 | +68.3% | 2,034 | +48.8% | 0.07% | +60.0% |
NOC | Buy | Northrop Grumman | $338,000 | +11.6% | 1,100 | +10.0% | 0.07% | +6.0% |
HPQ | HP Inc Com | $321,000 | +0.6% | 18,206 | 0.0% | 0.07% | -4.2% | |
EIGI | Endurance Intl Group | $318,000 | +109.2% | 78,929 | 0.0% | 0.07% | +97.1% | |
MMP | Magellan Midstream | $314,000 | +18.0% | 7,276 | 0.0% | 0.07% | +11.9% | |
HEI | Heico Corporation | $299,000 | +33.5% | 3,000 | 0.0% | 0.06% | +26.0% | |
ABBV | Abbvie Inc Com | $289,000 | +29.0% | 2,943 | 0.0% | 0.06% | +22.0% | |
COST | Sell | Costco Wholesale | $279,000 | -44.8% | 921 | -48.0% | 0.06% | -47.3% |
WDAY | New | Workday Inc CL A | $281,000 | – | 1,500 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
GD | New | General Dynamics CRP | $273,000 | – | 1,825 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
VWO | New | Vanguard FTSE Emerging Mkts ETFetf | $272,000 | – | 6,864 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
CVX | Buy | Chevron | $265,000 | +29.9% | 2,968 | +5.3% | 0.06% | +24.4% |
IP | Intl Paper Co | $264,000 | +13.3% | 7,500 | 0.0% | 0.06% | +7.7% | |
HD | Sell | Home Depot Inc Com | $264,000 | +17.9% | 1,056 | -12.1% | 0.06% | +12.0% |
BRKA | Berkshire Hathaway Class A | $267,000 | -1.8% | 1 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -6.7% | |
VZ | Sell | Verizon | $263,000 | -1.5% | 4,775 | -3.9% | 0.06% | -5.1% |
XLRE | SPDR Real Estate ETFetf | $258,000 | +12.2% | 7,418 | 0.0% | 0.06% | +7.8% | |
ROK | New | Rockwell Automation | $254,000 | – | 1,192 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
VGK | Vanguard Intl Equityetf | $252,000 | +16.1% | 5,007 | 0.0% | 0.05% | +10.4% | |
PYPL | New | Paypal HLDGS Inc Com | $235,000 | – | 1,351 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
LOW | New | Lowe's Companies | $230,000 | – | 1,700 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
CAT | Buy | Caterpillar Inc | $232,000 | +10.0% | 1,832 | +0.7% | 0.05% | +4.3% |
INDA | New | iShares MSCI India ETFetf | $225,000 | – | 7,770 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
MCD | New | McDonalds Corp | $220,000 | – | 1,190 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
NOK | Buy | Nokia Corp Spons ADR Finland ADRadr | $220,000 | +182.1% | 50,000 | +100.0% | 0.05% | +176.5% |
KHC | New | Kraft Heinz Co Com | $219,000 | – | 6,865 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
UL | New | Unilever PLC Sponadr | $211,000 | – | 3,853 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
XLU | Utilities Sector SPDR ETFetf | $208,000 | +1.5% | 3,692 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -4.3% | |
CRWD | New | Crowdstrike HLDGS | $208,000 | – | 2,072 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
UNH | New | Unitedhealth Group | $204,000 | – | 690 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
PEP | New | Pepsico | $205,000 | – | 1,548 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
FMC | New | FMC Corp New | $200,000 | – | 2,000 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
ET | Energy Transfer Equity L P | $197,000 | +55.1% | 27,658 | 0.0% | 0.04% | +50.0% | |
GE | Sell | General Electric | $136,000 | -50.7% | 19,915 | -42.6% | 0.03% | -52.5% |
ANF | Abercrombie & Fitch | $128,000 | +17.4% | 12,000 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +12.5% | |
QUAD | Quad / Graphics Inc | $124,000 | +29.2% | 38,050 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +23.8% | |
TCRD | THL CR Inc Com | $104,000 | +22.4% | 32,001 | 0.0% | 0.02% | +15.8% | |
STON | Buy | Stonemor Inc | $82,000 | -23.4% | 105,693 | +3.0% | 0.02% | -29.2% |
VERU | Veru Inc Com | $50,000 | +2.0% | 15,000 | 0.0% | 0.01% | 0.0% | |
ONCY | Sell | Oncolytics Biotech | $19,000 | +26.7% | 10,000 | -7.3% | 0.00% | +33.3% |
SSINQ | Stage Stores Inc Com | $9,000 | -80.9% | 129,611 | 0.0% | 0.00% | -80.0% | |
AMLP | Exit | Alerian MLP ETFetf | $0 | – | -22,854 | -100.0% | -0.02% | – |
HYT | Exit | BlackRock Corporate (high Yield Inc Com STK Usd0.10)cef | $0 | – | -12,915 | -100.0% | -0.02% | – |
CLM | Exit | Cornerstone (strategic Value FD Com)cef | $0 | – | -14,330 | -100.0% | -0.03% | – |
USA | Exit | Liberty All Star CEFcef | $0 | – | -24,403 | -100.0% | -0.03% | – |
PAA | Exit | Plains All American | $0 | – | -32,731 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
OPP | Exit | Rivernorth / (doubleline Strate Com)cef | $0 | – | -13,456 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
LHX | Exit | L3harris | $0 | – | -1,172 | -100.0% | -0.05% | – |
BND | Exit | Vanguard BD Index FD (inc Total BD Market Etf)etf | $0 | – | -2,455 | -100.0% | -0.05% | – |
UTX | Exit | United Technologies | $0 | – | -2,292 | -100.0% | -0.05% | – |
MDY | Exit | SPDR S&P Mid Cap 400 ETFetf | $0 | – | -861 | -100.0% | -0.05% | – |
ETY | Exit | Eaton Vance TX MGD (div Eq Incm Com)cef | $0 | – | -25,352 | -100.0% | -0.05% | – |
HON | Exit | Honeywell Intl. | $0 | – | -2,024 | -100.0% | -0.06% | – |
UN | Exit | Unilever N V N Y SHSadr | $0 | – | -6,551 | -100.0% | -0.07% | – |
FEZ | Exit | SPDR DJ EuroStoxx 50 ETFetf | $0 | – | -15,283 | -100.0% | -0.10% | – |
RTN | Exit | Raytheon Co Com New | $0 | – | -4,100 | -100.0% | -0.12% | – |
FG | Exit | FGL Holdings Com | $0 | – | -562,607 | -100.0% | -1.23% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2020-08-03
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
Fidelity National Info Srvcs, Inc. | 26 | Q3 2023 | 36.1% |
SPDR S&P 500 ETF | 26 | Q3 2023 | 5.3% |
Manpowergroup Inc | 26 | Q3 2023 | 5.5% |
Group 1 Automotive | 26 | Q3 2023 | 6.3% |
iShares S&P 500 ETF | 26 | Q3 2023 | 5.3% |
Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF | 26 | Q3 2023 | 3.6% |
SPDR S&P Biotech ETF | 26 | Q3 2023 | 3.2% |
Financial Sector SPDR ETF | 26 | Q3 2023 | 2.6% |
Fidelity National Financial, Inc. | 26 | Q3 2023 | 2.2% |
Apple | 26 | Q3 2023 | 2.3% |
View Crescent Grove Advisors, LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-04-29 |
13F-HR | 2024-01-30 |
13F-HR | 2023-10-25 |
13F-HR | 2023-07-13 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-03 |
13F-HR | 2023-01-12 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-08 |
13F-HR | 2022-07-20 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-04 |
13F-HR | 2022-01-24 |
View Crescent Grove Advisors, LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.