$276 Million is the total value of Court Place Advisors, LLC's 163 reported holdings in Q1 2023. The portfolio turnover from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023 was 4.3% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSFT | Sell | MICROSOFT CORP | $18,747,542 | +20.2% | 65,028 | -1.1% | 6.79% | +20.2% |
ADP | Buy | AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING | $15,894,492 | -2.8% | 71,394 | +1.3% | 5.76% | -2.8% |
URI | Sell | UNITED RENTALS INC | $12,163,940 | +8.9% | 30,736 | -2.2% | 4.41% | +8.9% |
JKHY | Buy | JACK HENRY & ASSOC INC | $11,088,865 | -11.6% | 73,573 | +0.1% | 4.02% | -11.6% |
BRKB | Sell | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY Bcl b new | $11,023,829 | -0.8% | 35,702 | -4.3% | 4.00% | -0.8% |
PG | Sell | PROCTOR & GAMBLE CO | $9,012,833 | -2.1% | 60,615 | -0.2% | 3.27% | -2.1% |
XLK | Sell | SPDR TECHNOLOGY ETF | $7,730,700 | +21.4% | 51,193 | -1.9% | 2.80% | +21.4% |
CSCO | Sell | CISCO SYSTEMS INC | $6,805,610 | +9.4% | 130,189 | -1.1% | 2.47% | +9.4% |
SPGI | Sell | S&P GLOBAL INC | $6,543,301 | +2.5% | 18,979 | -0.4% | 2.37% | +2.5% |
HD | Buy | HOME DEPOT | $5,970,212 | -6.6% | 20,230 | +0.0% | 2.16% | -6.5% |
XOM | Sell | EXXON MOBIL CORP | $5,308,119 | -0.6% | 48,405 | -1.2% | 1.92% | -0.5% |
ROST | Sell | ROSS STORES INC | $5,094,914 | -10.3% | 48,006 | -1.9% | 1.85% | -10.3% |
AAPL | Sell | APPLE INC | $4,409,614 | +21.8% | 26,741 | -4.0% | 1.60% | +21.8% |
CHKP | Sell | CHECKPOINT SOFTWARE | $4,216,810 | -0.2% | 32,437 | -3.2% | 1.53% | -0.2% |
SEIC | Sell | SEI CORP | $4,138,375 | -4.4% | 71,909 | -5.8% | 1.50% | -4.3% |
RTX | Sell | RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES | $4,111,729 | -4.1% | 41,986 | -1.1% | 1.49% | -4.1% |
MKL | Sell | MARKEL CORP HLDG CO | $3,908,875 | -3.9% | 3,060 | -0.9% | 1.42% | -3.9% |
CVS | Buy | CVS CAREMARK | $3,908,626 | -17.8% | 52,599 | +3.1% | 1.42% | -17.8% |
MDY | Sell | S&P MIDCAP 400 ETF | $3,894,389 | +2.1% | 8,495 | -1.4% | 1.41% | +2.1% |
MRK | Sell | MERCK & CO INC | $3,687,950 | -5.4% | 34,664 | -1.3% | 1.34% | -5.4% |
ABBV | Sell | ABBVIE INC | $3,330,036 | -2.8% | 20,895 | -1.5% | 1.21% | -2.8% |
INTC | Sell | INTEL CORP | $3,101,822 | +13.6% | 94,944 | -9.5% | 1.12% | +13.7% |
BIIB | Sell | BIOGEN INC | $3,087,873 | -3.7% | 11,106 | -4.1% | 1.12% | -3.7% |
PFE | Sell | PFIZER INC | $2,882,590 | -24.7% | 70,652 | -5.4% | 1.04% | -24.7% |
FTEC | Sell | FIDEL TECH ETF | $2,833,823 | +20.1% | 24,869 | -0.4% | 1.03% | +20.1% |
AFL | Sell | AFLAC INC | $2,826,041 | -13.3% | 43,801 | -3.3% | 1.02% | -13.3% |
TMO | Sell | THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC | $2,577,564 | +1.7% | 4,472 | -2.8% | 0.93% | +1.7% |
PNC | PNC FINL SVCS GROUP | $2,549,809 | -19.5% | 20,061 | 0.0% | 0.92% | -19.5% | |
DOV | Sell | DOVER CORP | $2,447,188 | +11.5% | 16,106 | -0.6% | 0.89% | +11.6% |
JPM | Sell | JP MORGAN CHASE & CO | $2,406,236 | -6.4% | 18,465 | -3.7% | 0.87% | -6.4% |
ORCL | Sell | ORACLE CORP | $2,397,590 | +13.3% | 25,803 | -4.9% | 0.87% | +13.3% |
UPS | Sell | UNITED PARCEL SERVICEcl b new | $2,296,761 | +9.3% | 11,840 | -2.0% | 0.83% | +9.3% |
CL | Sell | COLGATE-PALMOLIVE CO | $2,210,331 | -5.7% | 29,412 | -4.4% | 0.80% | -5.8% |
JNJ | Sell | JOHNSON & JOHNSON | $2,176,700 | -12.4% | 14,043 | -0.2% | 0.79% | -12.4% |
GOOGL | ALPHABET CL Acap stk cl a | $2,036,726 | +17.6% | 19,635 | 0.0% | 0.74% | +17.5% | |
CAT | CATERPILLAR INC | $1,967,720 | -4.5% | 8,599 | 0.0% | 0.71% | -4.4% | |
PEG | Sell | PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERP | $1,907,895 | +0.3% | 30,551 | -5.8% | 0.69% | +0.3% |
NVDA | Sell | NVIDIA CORP | $1,897,725 | +87.3% | 6,832 | -1.4% | 0.69% | +87.5% |
BRKA | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY Acl a | $1,862,400 | -0.7% | 4 | 0.0% | 0.68% | -0.6% | |
QCOM | Sell | QUALCOMM INC | $1,845,167 | +14.5% | 14,463 | -1.4% | 0.67% | +14.6% |
HDV | Sell | ISHRS HIGH DIVIDEND | $1,729,760 | -6.5% | 17,015 | -4.1% | 0.63% | -6.4% |
ABC | Sell | AMERISOURCE BERGEN INC | $1,694,828 | -5.6% | 10,585 | -2.3% | 0.61% | -5.7% |
KO | Buy | COCA COLA | $1,677,302 | -2.0% | 27,040 | +0.5% | 0.61% | -1.9% |
ADBE | ADOBE SYSTEMS | $1,625,876 | +14.5% | 4,219 | 0.0% | 0.59% | +14.6% | |
TJX | Sell | TJX COMPANIES | $1,620,277 | -2.3% | 20,677 | -0.7% | 0.59% | -2.3% |
NEE | NEXTERA ENERGY | $1,618,326 | -7.8% | 20,995 | 0.0% | 0.59% | -7.9% | |
AMAT | Sell | APPLIED MATERIALS INC | $1,611,898 | +25.7% | 13,123 | -0.4% | 0.58% | +25.6% |
XLF | Sell | SPDR FINANCIAL ETF | $1,550,777 | -8.2% | 48,236 | -2.3% | 0.56% | -8.2% |
PEP | Sell | PEPSICO INC | $1,494,416 | -0.1% | 8,198 | -1.0% | 0.54% | 0.0% |
DIS | Sell | DISNEY CO | $1,474,423 | +10.7% | 14,725 | -4.0% | 0.53% | +10.6% |
DE | DEERE & CO | $1,404,941 | -3.7% | 3,403 | 0.0% | 0.51% | -3.8% | |
MCD | MCDONALDS CORP | $1,346,602 | +6.1% | 4,816 | 0.0% | 0.49% | +6.1% | |
UNP | Sell | UNION PACIFIC | $1,333,951 | -5.7% | 6,628 | -2.9% | 0.48% | -5.7% |
CVX | Buy | CHEVRON CORP | $1,329,030 | -5.6% | 8,146 | +3.8% | 0.48% | -5.5% |
BMY | BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO | $1,272,660 | -3.7% | 18,362 | 0.0% | 0.46% | -3.8% | |
ETN | EATON CORP | $1,266,031 | +9.2% | 7,389 | 0.0% | 0.46% | +9.3% | |
ACA | Sell | ARCOSA INC COM | $1,257,775 | +15.0% | 19,930 | -1.0% | 0.46% | +15.2% |
TRN | Sell | TRINITY INDS INC | $1,232,968 | -22.8% | 50,614 | -6.3% | 0.45% | -22.8% |
NVS | NOVARTISspons adr | $1,225,900 | +1.4% | 13,325 | 0.0% | 0.44% | +1.4% | |
ON | ON SEMICONDUCTOR | $1,214,220 | +32.0% | 14,750 | 0.0% | 0.44% | +32.1% | |
NKE | NIKE Bcl b new | $1,211,581 | +4.8% | 9,879 | 0.0% | 0.44% | +4.8% | |
UNH | UNITED HEALTH GROUP | $1,178,703 | -10.9% | 2,494 | 0.0% | 0.43% | -10.9% | |
LGND | LIGAND PHARM INC | $1,142,607 | +10.1% | 15,533 | 0.0% | 0.41% | +10.1% | |
LUV | Sell | SOUTHWEST AIRLINES | $1,070,714 | -7.3% | 32,905 | -4.1% | 0.39% | -7.2% |
VZ | Sell | VERIZON COMM INC | $1,058,393 | -9.5% | 27,215 | -11.0% | 0.38% | -9.4% |
ABT | Sell | ABBOTT LABORATORIES | $1,049,864 | -8.1% | 10,368 | -0.3% | 0.38% | -8.2% |
ACN | Sell | ACCENTURE | $1,042,514 | +5.2% | 3,648 | -1.8% | 0.38% | +5.3% |
FHLC | Sell | FIDEL HEALTH CARE ETF | $1,033,520 | -8.3% | 16,813 | -4.5% | 0.38% | -8.1% |
FAST | Sell | FASTENAL CO | $995,517 | +11.0% | 18,456 | -2.6% | 0.36% | +11.1% |
BAC | Sell | BANK OF AMERICA | $979,140 | -14.6% | 34,236 | -24.9% | 0.36% | -14.5% |
MGA | Sell | MAGNA INTL | $948,964 | -12.3% | 17,714 | -8.0% | 0.34% | -12.2% |
XLV | SPDR HEALTH CARE ETF | $941,224 | -4.7% | 7,270 | 0.0% | 0.34% | -4.7% | |
NVR | Sell | NVR HOMES | $897,123 | +17.2% | 161 | -3.0% | 0.32% | +17.3% |
XLE | Sell | SPDR ENERGY ETF | $887,109 | -7.0% | 10,710 | -1.8% | 0.32% | -7.2% |
TGT | Sell | TARGET | $878,833 | +10.1% | 5,306 | -0.9% | 0.32% | +10.0% |
AMGN | AMGEN INC | $814,214 | -8.0% | 3,368 | 0.0% | 0.30% | -8.1% | |
SO | Sell | SOUTHERN COMPANY | $803,768 | -11.7% | 11,552 | -9.4% | 0.29% | -11.8% |
Sell | GENERAL ELECTRIC CO | $771,901 | +10.0% | 8,074 | -3.6% | 0.28% | +10.2% | |
DG | Buy | DOLLAR GENERAL | $763,970 | -8.2% | 3,630 | +7.4% | 0.28% | -8.3% |
T | Sell | AT&T | $764,147 | -7.3% | 39,696 | -11.4% | 0.28% | -7.4% |
EMR | Buy | EMERSON ELECTRIC | $732,760 | -6.5% | 8,409 | +3.1% | 0.27% | -6.3% |
IVV | Sell | IShrs Core S&P 500 | $723,090 | -41.6% | 1,759 | -45.4% | 0.26% | -41.6% |
FCOM | Sell | FIDELITY COMM SERVICES ETF | $723,981 | +11.4% | 19,781 | -5.5% | 0.26% | +11.0% |
HAL | Sell | HALLIBURTON CO | $706,751 | -19.6% | 22,337 | -3.5% | 0.26% | -19.5% |
GLW | Sell | CORNING INC | $691,488 | +9.3% | 19,600 | -1.0% | 0.25% | +9.6% |
LOW | LOWES CO INC | $660,501 | +0.4% | 3,303 | 0.0% | 0.24% | +0.4% | |
UL | Sell | UNILEVER PLCspons adr | $660,435 | -1.1% | 12,718 | -4.1% | 0.24% | -1.2% |
VCSH | VANG ST CORP BOND ETF | $641,552 | +1.4% | 8,416 | 0.0% | 0.23% | +1.3% | |
V | VISA INC | $632,750 | +8.5% | 2,806 | 0.0% | 0.23% | +8.5% | |
BAX | Sell | BAXTER INT'L INCcl a | $622,890 | -31.9% | 15,357 | -14.4% | 0.23% | -31.7% |
FIS | Sell | FIDELITY NATIONAL INFO SERV | $623,950 | -28.6% | 11,484 | -10.9% | 0.23% | -28.7% |
COST | COSTCO | $599,712 | +8.8% | 1,207 | 0.0% | 0.22% | +8.5% | |
FNCL | Sell | FIDEL FINANCIAL ETF | $596,991 | -12.5% | 13,237 | -7.0% | 0.22% | -12.6% |
GPC | Sell | GENUINE PARTS | $573,037 | -4.4% | 3,425 | -0.9% | 0.21% | -4.1% |
TROW | Sell | T ROWE PRICE GROUP INC | $566,609 | -0.4% | 5,019 | -3.8% | 0.20% | -0.5% |
LLY | LILLY ELI | $536,765 | -6.1% | 1,563 | 0.0% | 0.20% | -5.8% | |
OXY | Occidental Petroleum Corp | $521,041 | -0.9% | 8,346 | 0.0% | 0.19% | -0.5% | |
O | Sell | REALTY INCOME CORP | $499,636 | -8.9% | 7,891 | -8.8% | 0.18% | -9.0% |
FISV | Fiserv Inc | $493,715 | +11.8% | 4,368 | 0.0% | 0.18% | +11.9% | |
PAYX | PAYCHEX INC COM | $486,893 | -0.8% | 4,249 | 0.0% | 0.18% | -1.1% | |
RDN | Sell | RADIAN GROUP INC | $486,200 | +14.8% | 22,000 | -0.9% | 0.18% | +15.0% |
AJG | ARTHUR J GALLAGHER | $477,892 | +1.5% | 2,498 | 0.0% | 0.17% | +1.2% | |
MPC | MARATHON PETROLEUM CORP | $473,771 | +15.8% | 3,514 | 0.0% | 0.17% | +16.2% | |
NUE | Sell | NUCOR CORP | $474,995 | +15.3% | 3,075 | -1.6% | 0.17% | +15.4% |
DIA | DIAMONDS TRUST | $463,672 | +0.4% | 1,394 | 0.0% | 0.17% | +0.6% | |
IBM | Sell | IBM CORP | $454,227 | -14.4% | 3,465 | -8.0% | 0.16% | -14.1% |
CFG | CITIZENS FINL GROUP INC COM | $450,995 | -22.9% | 14,850 | 0.0% | 0.16% | -23.1% | |
WM | WASTE MANAGEMENT | $441,049 | +4.0% | 2,703 | 0.0% | 0.16% | +3.9% | |
MO | Buy | ALTRIA GROUP | $440,756 | -0.4% | 9,878 | +2.1% | 0.16% | 0.0% |
OmniAb Inc | $419,914 | +2.2% | 114,107 | 0.0% | 0.15% | +2.0% | ||
FENY | Buy | FIDEL ENERGY ETF | $413,767 | -5.8% | 18,439 | +0.1% | 0.15% | -5.7% |
LMT | LOCKHEED MARTIN | $407,966 | -2.8% | 863 | 0.0% | 0.15% | -2.6% | |
SLB | Sell | Schlumberger LTD | $399,514 | -11.7% | 8,137 | -3.8% | 0.14% | -11.6% |
DVN | Devon Energy | $378,310 | -17.7% | 7,475 | 0.0% | 0.14% | -18.0% | |
CMCSA | Sell | COMCAST A | $367,689 | +7.3% | 9,699 | -1.0% | 0.13% | +7.3% |
ED | CONSOLIDATED EDISON INC | $358,763 | +0.4% | 3,750 | 0.0% | 0.13% | 0.0% | |
BR | BROADRIDGE FINANCIAL | $355,579 | +9.3% | 2,426 | 0.0% | 0.13% | +9.3% | |
CVLT | Sell | COMMVAULT SYSTEMS | $354,625 | -11.8% | 6,250 | -2.3% | 0.13% | -11.6% |
GOOG | Alphabet | $345,268 | +17.2% | 3,320 | 0.0% | 0.12% | +16.8% | |
CARR | Sell | CARRIER GLOBAL CORP | $339,191 | +10.2% | 7,414 | -0.6% | 0.12% | +9.8% |
HON | HONEYWELL INTL | $333,228 | -10.8% | 1,744 | 0.0% | 0.12% | -10.4% | |
TT | Sell | TRANE TECH PLC | $328,404 | +7.6% | 1,785 | -1.7% | 0.12% | +7.2% |
BA | BOEING | $325,018 | +11.5% | 1,530 | 0.0% | 0.12% | +11.3% | |
KMI | Sell | KINDER MORGAN INC | $317,332 | -10.9% | 18,123 | -8.0% | 0.12% | -10.9% |
MKC | MCCORMICK & CO | $316,177 | +0.4% | 3,800 | 0.0% | 0.12% | +0.9% | |
DOW | DOW CHEMICAL CO | $315,215 | +8.8% | 5,750 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +8.6% | |
CWB | SPDR CONV SECS ETF | $311,876 | +4.2% | 4,650 | 0.0% | 0.11% | +4.6% | |
DD | Sell | DU PONT INC | $308,683 | +4.2% | 4,301 | -0.4% | 0.11% | +4.7% |
ANTM | ELEVANCE HEALTH | $306,701 | -10.4% | 667 | 0.0% | 0.11% | -10.5% | |
SASR | Buy | SANDY SPRING BANK | $300,731 | -24.3% | 11,575 | +2.7% | 0.11% | -24.3% |
AEP | AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER | $294,171 | -4.2% | 3,233 | 0.0% | 0.11% | -3.6% | |
CNC | Sell | CENTENE CORP DEL | $296,455 | -23.6% | 4,690 | -0.8% | 0.11% | -24.1% |
DFS | DISCOVER FINL SVCS | $283,585 | +1.0% | 2,869 | 0.0% | 0.10% | +1.0% | |
ORI | OLD REPUBLIC INTL | $282,785 | +3.4% | 11,325 | 0.0% | 0.10% | +3.0% | |
WY | Sell | WEYERHAEUSER CO | $275,690 | -3.3% | 9,150 | -0.5% | 0.10% | -2.9% |
KR | Sell | KROGER | $276,766 | -1.5% | 5,606 | -11.0% | 0.10% | -2.0% |
CTVA | Sell | CORTEVA INC COM | $269,525 | +2.2% | 4,469 | -0.4% | 0.10% | +2.1% |
EXC | EXELON CORP | $267,665 | -3.1% | 6,390 | 0.0% | 0.10% | -3.0% | |
MDT | Sell | MEDTRONIC PLC | $267,900 | -15.9% | 3,323 | -19.0% | 0.10% | -15.7% |
MAR | Marriott Internat'l Cl A | $260,849 | +11.5% | 1,571 | 0.0% | 0.10% | +11.8% | |
CCI | Buy | CROWN CASTLE INTL | $258,371 | -1.2% | 1,930 | +0.1% | 0.09% | -1.1% |
HSY | HERSHEY CO | $259,045 | +9.9% | 1,018 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +10.6% | |
EEM | Sell | ISHRS MSCI EMERG MKTS ETF | $253,223 | +3.6% | 6,417 | -0.5% | 0.09% | +3.4% |
SCHW | Sell | SCHWAB CHARLES CORP NEW | $251,424 | -39.6% | 4,800 | -4.0% | 0.09% | -39.7% |
OTIS | Sell | OTIS WORLDWIDE | $252,187 | +2.7% | 2,988 | -4.7% | 0.09% | +2.2% |
CSX | CSX CORP | $239,640 | -3.4% | 8,004 | 0.0% | 0.09% | -3.3% | |
DHI | D R Horton | $240,317 | +9.6% | 2,460 | 0.0% | 0.09% | +10.1% | |
CMI | Cummins Inc | $227,653 | -1.4% | 953 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -2.4% | |
SPY | Sell | SPDR S&P 500 ETF | $227,094 | +7.0% | 555 | -37.4% | 0.08% | +6.5% |
COP | CONOCO PHILLIPS | $226,792 | -15.9% | 2,286 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -16.3% | |
MMC | MARSH & MCLENNAN | $224,843 | +0.6% | 1,350 | 0.0% | 0.08% | 0.0% | |
FB | New | Meta Platforms Inc A | $220,418 | – | 1,040 | +100.0% | 0.08% | – |
GIS | General Mills | $215,274 | +1.9% | 2,519 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +1.3% | |
VKTX | Sell | VIKING THERAPEUTICS INC COM US | $213,120 | +77.1% | 12,800 | -89.4% | 0.08% | +75.0% |
KMB | Sell | Kimberly Clark | $211,397 | -3.3% | 1,575 | -2.2% | 0.08% | -2.5% |
F | Sell | FORD MOTOR CO | $211,158 | +4.0% | 16,759 | -4.0% | 0.08% | +4.1% |
IWV | New | IShrs Russell 3000 ETFiwv | $207,780 | – | 883 | +100.0% | 0.08% | – |
WFC | Sell | WELLS FARGO & CO | $204,469 | -11.9% | 5,470 | -2.7% | 0.07% | -11.9% |
CI | CIGNA | $203,504 | -22.9% | 796 | 0.0% | 0.07% | -22.9% | |
WH | Sell | Wyndham Hotels &Resorts Inc Co | $205,178 | -11.3% | 3,024 | -6.8% | 0.07% | -11.9% |
New | GE Healthcare Tech | $200,481 | – | 2,444 | +100.0% | 0.07% | – | |
GLBZ | Sell | GLEN BURNIE BANCORP | $120,850 | -8.4% | 16,692 | -87.3% | 0.04% | -8.3% |
AMRN | Sell | AMARIN CORP ADR EACH REP 1 ORDspons adr new | $20,250 | +24.0% | 13,500 | -17.4% | 0.01% | +16.7% |
PPL | Exit | PPL CORP | $0 | – | -7,261 | -100.0% | -0.08% | – |
ADM | Exit | Archer Daniels Midland | $0 | – | -2,319 | -100.0% | -0.08% | – |
CLX | Exit | CLOROX | $0 | – | -1,614 | -100.0% | -0.08% | – |
MMM | Exit | 3M COMPANY | $0 | – | -2,108 | -100.0% | -0.09% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2023-05-08
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
JACK HENRY & ASSOC INC | 40 | Q3 2023 | 5.8% |
MICROSOFT CORP | 40 | Q3 2023 | 7.6% |
PROCTOR & GAMBLE CO | 40 | Q3 2023 | 4.2% |
Cisco Systems Inc COM | 40 | Q3 2023 | 3.0% |
INTEL CORP | 40 | Q3 2023 | 3.0% |
EXXON MOBIL CORP | 40 | Q3 2023 | 4.2% |
SEI INVTS CO | 40 | Q3 2023 | 2.8% |
SPDR TECHNOLOGY ETF | 40 | Q3 2023 | 3.1% |
ORACLE CORP | 40 | Q3 2023 | 3.2% |
HOME DEPOT INC | 40 | Q3 2023 | 2.4% |
View Court Place Advisors, LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-04-26 |
13F-HR | 2024-01-31 |
13F-HR | 2023-11-01 |
13F-HR | 2023-08-01 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-08 |
13F-HR/A | 2023-02-14 |
13F-HR | 2023-02-13 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-14 |
13F-HR | 2022-08-15 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-13 |
View Court Place Advisors, LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.