$809 Million is the total value of KLCM Advisors, Inc.'s 161 reported holdings in Q2 2024. The portfolio turnover from Q1 2024 to Q2 2024 was 10.6% .
| Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVDA | Buy | Nvidia Corp. | $203,240,030 | +36.6% | 1,645,135 | +898.8% | 25.11% | +31.4% |
| C | Sell | Citigroup Inc. | $29,754,591 | -6.1% | 468,872 | -6.5% | 3.68% | -9.7% |
| BA | Buy | Boeing Co. | $29,653,428 | +20.3% | 162,922 | +27.6% | 3.66% | +15.8% |
| NEM | Buy | Newmont Corp. | $27,651,823 | +18.8% | 660,421 | +1.7% | 3.42% | +14.2% |
| OGN | Sell | Organon & Co. | $24,780,342 | +6.1% | 1,197,118 | -3.6% | 3.06% | +2.1% |
| ATI | Sell | Allegheny Technologies Inc. | $24,026,873 | -22.1% | 433,307 | -28.1% | 2.97% | -25.1% |
| BAC | Sell | Bank of America Corp. | $22,966,938 | +2.7% | 577,494 | -2.1% | 2.84% | -1.2% |
| T | Sell | AT&T Inc. | $21,654,743 | +6.9% | 1,133,163 | -1.5% | 2.68% | +2.9% |
| XOM | Sell | Exxon Mobil Corp. | $21,505,958 | -2.1% | 186,813 | -1.1% | 2.66% | -5.7% |
| VZ | Sell | Verizon Communications | $18,820,177 | -3.0% | 456,357 | -1.3% | 2.32% | -6.6% |
| MCS | Buy | Marcus Corp. | $17,859,598 | +124.3% | 1,570,765 | +181.4% | 2.21% | +115.9% |
| BMY | Buy | Bristol-Myers Squibb Corp. | $17,515,465 | -17.3% | 421,755 | +8.0% | 2.16% | -20.4% |
| MDT | Sell | Medtronic PLC | $16,890,930 | -10.6% | 214,597 | -1.0% | 2.09% | -13.9% |
| GTES | Sell | Gates Industrial Corp. | $16,768,086 | -12.1% | 1,060,600 | -1.6% | 2.07% | -15.5% |
| HAL | Sell | Halliburton Co. | $15,747,189 | -16.0% | 466,169 | -1.9% | 1.94% | -19.2% |
| WFC | Sell | Wells Fargo & Co. | $15,636,027 | -36.2% | 263,277 | -37.7% | 1.93% | -38.6% |
| Sell | Kenvue Inc. | $15,538,101 | -16.3% | 854,681 | -1.2% | 1.92% | -19.5% | |
| AAPL | Sell | Apple Inc. | $14,847,886 | +19.0% | 70,496 | -3.1% | 1.83% | +14.5% |
| CSCO | Sell | Cisco Systems Inc. | $13,817,566 | -5.3% | 290,835 | -0.5% | 1.71% | -8.9% |
| DOW | Sell | Dow Inc. | $13,053,490 | -11.6% | 246,060 | -3.5% | 1.61% | -14.9% |
| COG | Sell | Coterra Energy Inc. | $10,277,438 | -7.7% | 385,356 | -3.5% | 1.27% | -11.2% |
| GM | Sell | General Motors Co. | $9,803,592 | -0.6% | 211,011 | -3.0% | 1.21% | -4.4% |
| GT | Buy | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | $9,745,621 | -12.5% | 858,645 | +5.9% | 1.20% | -15.7% |
| DIS | Sell | The Walt Disney Co. | $9,501,819 | -19.5% | 95,698 | -0.7% | 1.17% | -22.5% |
| BBY | New | Best Buy Inc. | $9,128,523 | – | 108,299 | +100.0% | 1.13% | – |
| PTEN | Buy | Patterson UTI Energy | $8,985,383 | -6.5% | 867,315 | +7.8% | 1.11% | -10.0% |
| WBA | Sell | Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. | $8,731,233 | -45.3% | 721,888 | -1.8% | 1.08% | -47.3% |
| APA | New | APA Corporation | $7,922,893 | – | 269,120 | +100.0% | 0.98% | – |
| MAN | Buy | Manpower Inc. | $7,610,364 | -7.8% | 109,031 | +2.5% | 0.94% | -11.3% |
| MSFT | Buy | Microsoft Corp. | $7,412,281 | +9.6% | 16,584 | +3.1% | 0.92% | +5.4% |
| HBI | Sell | HanesBrands Inc. | $6,927,629 | -18.0% | 1,405,199 | -3.5% | 0.86% | -21.1% |
| LLY | Buy | Eli Lilly & Co. | $6,538,654 | +17.2% | 7,222 | +0.7% | 0.81% | +12.8% |
| USB | Sell | US Bancorp | $5,248,380 | -12.1% | 132,201 | -1.1% | 0.65% | -15.5% |
| UNP | Buy | Union Pacific Corp. | $4,610,626 | -7.4% | 20,378 | +0.6% | 0.57% | -10.8% |
| KMI | Sell | Kinder Morgan Inc. | $3,994,593 | +4.9% | 201,036 | -3.2% | 0.49% | +0.8% |
| CVX | Buy | Chevron Corp. | $3,928,664 | -0.4% | 25,116 | +0.5% | 0.48% | -4.2% |
| ABBV | Sell | Abbvie Inc. | $3,878,670 | -13.0% | 22,614 | -7.7% | 0.48% | -16.4% |
| GOOG | Sell | Alphabet Inc. Cl C | $3,714,812 | +19.0% | 20,253 | -1.2% | 0.46% | +14.5% |
| PFE | Sell | Pfizer Inc. | $3,600,231 | -27.9% | 128,672 | -28.5% | 0.44% | -30.6% |
| WEC | Buy | WEC Energy Group Inc. | $2,918,686 | -1.1% | 37,200 | +3.5% | 0.36% | -4.7% |
| BRKB | Buy | Berkshire Hathaway Cl B | $2,905,366 | -2.6% | 7,142 | +0.7% | 0.36% | -6.3% |
| AMZN | Buy | Amazon Inc. | $2,904,547 | +15.9% | 15,030 | +8.2% | 0.36% | +11.5% |
| FISV | Fiserv Inc. | $2,864,996 | -6.7% | 19,223 | 0.0% | 0.35% | -10.2% | |
| WRB | Berkley W R Corp. | $2,856,304 | -11.1% | 36,349 | 0.0% | 0.35% | -14.5% | |
| JPM | Sell | JP Morgan Chase & Co. | $2,816,717 | -0.2% | 13,926 | -1.2% | 0.35% | -3.9% |
| K | Sell | Kellanova | $2,485,760 | -0.2% | 43,096 | -0.9% | 0.31% | -4.1% |
| GILD | New | Gilead Sciences Inc. | $2,483,888 | – | 36,203 | +100.0% | 0.31% | – |
| GOOGL | Buy | Alphabet Inc. Cl A | $2,473,619 | +20.7% | 13,580 | +0.0% | 0.31% | +16.3% |
| KMB | Buy | Kimberly-Clark Corp. | $2,450,148 | +10.1% | 17,729 | +3.1% | 0.30% | +5.9% |
| KHC | Sell | Kraft Heinz Co. | $2,186,578 | -13.4% | 67,864 | -0.9% | 0.27% | -16.7% |
| MTG | Sell | MGIC Investment Corp. | $2,164,633 | -16.1% | 100,447 | -13.0% | 0.27% | -19.3% |
| UPS | Sell | United Parcel Service Inc. | $2,074,920 | -8.8% | 15,162 | -0.9% | 0.26% | -12.3% |
| AMD | Sell | Advanced Micro Devices Inc. | $1,991,777 | -13.7% | 12,279 | -4.0% | 0.25% | -16.9% |
| UNH | Sell | UnitedHealth Group Inc. | $1,774,771 | +2.2% | 3,485 | -0.7% | 0.22% | -1.8% |
| PG | Buy | Procter & Gamble Co. | $1,696,759 | +4.7% | 10,288 | +3.0% | 0.21% | +1.0% |
| PM | Buy | Philip Morris International In | $1,701,030 | +11.1% | 16,787 | +0.4% | 0.21% | +6.6% |
| MRK | Buy | Merck & Co. Inc. | $1,617,317 | -4.7% | 13,064 | +1.6% | 0.20% | -8.3% |
| JCI | Sell | Johnson Controls International | $1,579,327 | -5.1% | 23,760 | -6.8% | 0.20% | -8.9% |
| COST | Buy | Costco Wholesale Corp. | $1,499,317 | +26.4% | 1,764 | +9.0% | 0.18% | +21.7% |
| Sell | General Electric Co. | $1,321,200 | -11.6% | 8,311 | -2.3% | 0.16% | -15.1% | |
| KSS | Sell | Kohls Corp. | $1,294,246 | -23.4% | 56,296 | -2.8% | 0.16% | -26.3% |
| TSLA | Buy | Tesla Inc. | $1,260,693 | +18.1% | 6,371 | +4.9% | 0.16% | +13.9% |
| ETN | Eaton Corp. | $1,228,802 | +0.3% | 3,919 | 0.0% | 0.15% | -3.2% | |
| FB | Buy | Meta Platforms Inc. | $1,226,263 | +8.3% | 2,432 | +4.3% | 0.15% | +4.1% |
| ADBE | Sell | Adobe Inc. | $1,097,191 | +4.8% | 1,975 | -4.8% | 0.14% | +1.5% |
| JNJ | Sell | Johnson & Johnson | $1,060,514 | -7.8% | 7,256 | -0.2% | 0.13% | -11.5% |
| FAST | Fastenal Co. | $1,058,226 | -18.5% | 16,840 | 0.0% | 0.13% | -21.6% | |
| ABT | Buy | Abbott Laboratories | $1,040,708 | -7.7% | 10,015 | +1.0% | 0.13% | -11.0% |
| INTC | Sell | Intel Corp. | $1,044,358 | -29.9% | 33,722 | -0.0% | 0.13% | -32.5% |
| NFLX | Sell | Netflix Inc. | $1,018,845 | +2.5% | 1,510 | -7.8% | 0.13% | -1.6% |
| PEP | Sell | PepsiCo Inc. | $987,656 | -6.5% | 5,988 | -0.8% | 0.12% | -10.3% |
| CAT | Caterpillar Inc. | $980,684 | -9.1% | 2,944 | 0.0% | 0.12% | -12.9% | |
| MGEE | MGE Energy Inc. | $969,492 | -5.1% | 12,975 | 0.0% | 0.12% | -8.4% | |
| ASB | Buy | Associated Banc-Corp. | $964,038 | -0.6% | 45,581 | +1.1% | 0.12% | -4.8% |
| V | Sell | Visa Inc. | $958,015 | -9.0% | 3,650 | -3.3% | 0.12% | -12.6% |
| HD | Buy | Home Depot Inc. | $947,882 | +1.1% | 2,754 | +12.7% | 0.12% | -2.5% |
| IBM | Sell | IBM Corp. | $903,580 | -12.2% | 5,225 | -3.1% | 0.11% | -15.2% |
| ITW | Buy | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | $866,326 | -9.2% | 3,656 | +2.8% | 0.11% | -13.0% |
| MS | Morgan Stanley | $849,051 | +3.2% | 8,736 | 0.0% | 0.10% | -0.9% | |
| MA | Mastercard Inc. | $827,616 | -8.4% | 1,876 | 0.0% | 0.10% | -12.1% | |
| MO | Sell | Altria Group Inc. | $783,833 | +0.2% | 17,208 | -4.0% | 0.10% | -3.0% |
| AVGO | Buy | Broadcom Inc. | $781,893 | +31.7% | 487 | +8.7% | 0.10% | +27.6% |
| NOW | Servicenow Inc. | $786,670 | +3.2% | 1,000 | 0.0% | 0.10% | -1.0% | |
| MCD | Sell | McDonalds Corp. | $764,484 | -23.6% | 3,000 | -15.5% | 0.09% | -27.1% |
| AMAT | Sell | Applied Materials Inc. | $745,807 | +5.2% | 3,160 | -8.1% | 0.09% | +1.1% |
| TXN | Buy | Texas Instruments Inc. | $738,819 | +11.9% | 3,798 | +0.2% | 0.09% | +7.1% |
| FIS | Buy | Fidelity National Information | $686,228 | +4.0% | 9,106 | +2.4% | 0.08% | 0.0% |
| XEL | Buy | XCEL Energy Inc. | $691,072 | +0.1% | 12,939 | +0.8% | 0.08% | -4.5% |
| NSC | Buy | Norfolk Southern Corp. | $660,200 | -14.4% | 3,075 | +1.7% | 0.08% | -17.2% |
| AEM | Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. | $655,177 | +9.6% | 10,018 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +5.2% | |
| F | Sell | Ford Motor Co. | $630,436 | -16.4% | 50,274 | -11.5% | 0.08% | -19.6% |
| Coastalsouth Bancshares, Inc. | $622,743 | +0.4% | 37,046 | 0.0% | 0.08% | -3.8% | ||
| HTLF | Heartland Financial Inc. | $617,855 | +26.5% | 13,900 | 0.0% | 0.08% | +20.6% | |
| DUK | Buy | Duke Energy Corp. | $607,694 | +21.3% | 6,063 | +17.0% | 0.08% | +17.2% |
| MCK | Sell | McKesson Corp. | $610,557 | +7.6% | 1,045 | -1.1% | 0.08% | +2.7% |
| WM | Sell | Waste Management Inc. | $571,367 | -2.6% | 2,678 | -2.7% | 0.07% | -5.3% |
| HPE | New | Hewlett Packard Enterprise | $556,366 | – | 26,281 | +100.0% | 0.07% | – |
| EMR | Buy | Emerson Electric Co. | $541,181 | +11.6% | 4,913 | +15.0% | 0.07% | +8.1% |
| MDLZ | Sell | Mondelez International Inc. | $539,226 | -8.9% | 8,240 | -2.6% | 0.07% | -11.8% |
| ORCL | Buy | Oracle Corp. | $517,906 | +12.5% | 3,668 | +0.1% | 0.06% | +8.5% |
| QCOM | Sell | Qualcomm Inc. | $494,763 | +10.4% | 2,484 | -6.1% | 0.06% | +5.2% |
| LMT | Buy | Lockheed Martin Corp. | $485,709 | +13.2% | 1,040 | +10.2% | 0.06% | +9.1% |
| SLB | Sell | Schlumberger | $483,453 | -14.6% | 10,247 | -0.8% | 0.06% | -17.8% |
| CL | Sell | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | $474,234 | +5.6% | 4,887 | -2.0% | 0.06% | +1.7% |
| LNT | Alliant Energy Corp. | $476,948 | +1.0% | 9,370 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -3.3% | |
| HP | Helmerich & Payne Inc. | $469,820 | -14.1% | 13,000 | 0.0% | 0.06% | -17.1% | |
| MSI | Motorola Solutions Inc. | $472,170 | +8.8% | 1,223 | 0.0% | 0.06% | +3.6% | |
| WMT | Buy | Walmart Inc. | $461,701 | +60.4% | 6,819 | +42.5% | 0.06% | +54.1% |
| DE | Buy | Deere & Co. | $452,466 | -7.1% | 1,211 | +2.1% | 0.06% | -11.1% |
| CRWD | Sell | Crowdstrike Holdings Inc. | $423,425 | -49.4% | 1,105 | -57.7% | 0.05% | -51.4% |
| BP | BP PLC | $410,769 | -4.2% | 11,379 | 0.0% | 0.05% | -7.3% | |
| Buy | Constellation Energy Corp. | $394,131 | +12.1% | 1,968 | +3.5% | 0.05% | +8.9% | |
| COP | Buy | ConocoPhillips | $392,323 | -6.0% | 3,430 | +4.6% | 0.05% | -11.1% |
| ADI | Buy | Analog Devices | $381,879 | +29.8% | 1,673 | +12.4% | 0.05% | +23.7% |
| KO | Buy | The Coca-Cola Co. | $368,090 | +5.5% | 5,783 | +1.4% | 0.04% | 0.0% |
| RTX | Buy | Raytheon Technologies Inc. | $366,609 | +28.9% | 3,652 | +25.2% | 0.04% | +21.6% |
| ACN | Accenture PLC | $360,754 | -12.5% | 1,189 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -15.1% | |
| New | GE Vernova Inc. | $354,168 | – | 2,065 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – | |
| TGT | Target Corp. | $332,350 | -16.5% | 2,245 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -19.6% | |
| AXP | American Express Co. | $330,592 | +1.7% | 1,428 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -2.4% | |
| BMO | Buy | Bank of Montreal | $330,621 | -7.6% | 3,943 | +7.6% | 0.04% | -10.9% |
| SCHW | Sell | Charles Schwab | $328,510 | +0.1% | 4,458 | -1.8% | 0.04% | -2.4% |
| ROK | Rockwell Automation, Inc. | $308,314 | -5.5% | 1,120 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -9.5% | |
| KLAC | KLA-Tencor Corp. | $309,191 | +18.0% | 375 | 0.0% | 0.04% | +11.8% | |
| COR | Coresite Realty Corp. | $304,155 | -7.3% | 1,350 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -9.5% | |
| BCE | Buy | BCE Inc. | $304,861 | -3.7% | 9,418 | +1.1% | 0.04% | -7.3% |
| OXY | Occidental Petroleum Corp. | $308,182 | -3.0% | 4,889 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -7.3% | |
| MET | Sell | MetLife Inc. | $310,550 | -15.7% | 4,424 | -11.0% | 0.04% | -19.1% |
| ANTM | Elevance Health Inc. | $298,759 | +4.5% | 551 | 0.0% | 0.04% | 0.0% | |
| ANSS | Ansys Inc. | $291,922 | -7.4% | 908 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -10.0% | |
| DHI | D R Horton Inc. | $292,993 | -14.4% | 2,079 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -18.2% | |
| PSX | Phillips 66 | $292,504 | -13.6% | 2,072 | 0.0% | 0.04% | -16.3% | |
| AMGN | Buy | Amgen Inc. | $271,519 | +10.9% | 869 | +0.9% | 0.03% | +9.7% |
| EXC | Buy | Exelon Corp. | $257,948 | -5.3% | 7,453 | +2.8% | 0.03% | -8.6% |
| NCBS | Nicolet Bankshares Inc. | $256,428 | -3.4% | 3,088 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -5.9% | |
| AJG | Buy | Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. | $250,172 | +15.7% | 965 | +11.6% | 0.03% | +10.7% |
| HON | Buy | Honeywell Inc. | $254,326 | +19.0% | 1,191 | +14.4% | 0.03% | +14.8% |
| SPG | Simon Property Group | $249,559 | -3.0% | 1,644 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -6.1% | |
| NVO | Novo-Nordisk ADR | $245,627 | +11.2% | 1,721 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +7.1% | |
| TMUS | T Mobile US Inc. | $220,225 | +7.9% | 1,250 | 0.0% | 0.03% | +3.8% | |
| LOW | Sell | Lowes Companies Inc. | $216,146 | -16.3% | 980 | -3.4% | 0.03% | -18.2% |
| ARCC | Ares Capital Corp. | $216,111 | +0.1% | 10,370 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -3.6% | |
| CVS | Sell | CVS Health Corp. | $213,489 | -43.3% | 3,615 | -23.5% | 0.03% | -45.8% |
| RPM | New | RPM Intl. | $208,145 | – | 1,933 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
| MBBC | Marathon Bancorp Inc | $213,750 | -8.6% | 25,000 | 0.0% | 0.03% | -13.3% | |
| OI | Buy | O-I Glass Inc. | $180,306 | -17.7% | 16,200 | +22.7% | 0.02% | -21.4% |
| AMBC | AMBAC Financial Group | $179,480 | -18.0% | 14,000 | 0.0% | 0.02% | -21.4% | |
| SOFI | Sofi Technologies Inc. | $72,710 | -9.5% | 11,000 | 0.0% | 0.01% | -10.0% | |
| NOK | Sell | Nokia Corp. | $44,324 | +0.7% | 11,726 | -5.7% | 0.01% | -16.7% |
| VUZI | Vuzix Corp. | $28,350 | +11.6% | 21,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | +33.3% | |
| NNDM | Nano Dimension Ltd. | $22,000 | -21.0% | 10,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | -25.0% | |
| Malachite Innovations Com | $27,195 | -2.0% | 74,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | -25.0% | ||
| TELL | Tellurian Inc. | $15,930 | +4.7% | 23,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | 0.0% | |
| OPK | OPKO Health Inc. | $12,500 | +4.2% | 10,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | 0.0% | |
| NWBO | New | Northwest Biotherapeutics | $4,268 | – | 10,000 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
| SPZI | Spooz Inc. | $9,670 | -6.0% | 1,535,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | 0.0% | |
| Troy Minerals Inc. | $2,050 | -24.9% | 10,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | – | ||
| SRNE | Sorrento Therapeutics Inc. | $285 | +18.8% | 30,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | – | |
| OPMG | Options Media Group Hldgs. | $0 | – | 20,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | – | |
| Dotz Nano Ltde | $900 | -16.3% | 10,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | – | ||
| BEEI | Bald Eagle Energy | $0 | – | 14,000 | 0.0% | 0.00% | – | |
| OMC | Exit | Omnicom Group Inc. | $0 | – | -2,149 | -100.0% | -0.03% | – |
| HSY | Exit | Hershey Co. | $0 | – | -1,067 | -100.0% | -0.03% | – |
| MAS | Exit | Masco Corp. | $0 | – | -2,880 | -100.0% | -0.03% | – |
| EXAS | Exit | Exact Sciences Corp. | $0 | – | -3,987 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
| APA | Exit | Apache Corp. | $0 | – | -9,030 | -100.0% | -0.04% | – |
| SLCA | Exit | US Silica Holdings, Inc. | $0 | – | -35,000 | -100.0% | -0.06% | – |
| IP | Exit | International Paper Co. | $0 | – | -81,410 | -100.0% | -0.41% | – |
| LPX | Exit | Louisiana Pacific Corp. | $0 | – | -140,233 | -100.0% | -1.51% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2024-08-14
Top long-term holdings
| Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allegheny Technologies Inc. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 8.8% |
| Bank of America Corp. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 7.5% |
| MetLife Inc. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 6.9% |
| AT&T Inc. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 7.1% |
| General Motors Corp. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 8.0% |
| JPMorgan Chase & Co. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 6.4% |
| IBM Corp. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 5.0% |
| Merck & Company | 45 | Q2 2024 | 6.5% |
| Pfizer Inc. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 4.8% |
| Wells Fargo & Co. | 45 | Q2 2024 | 3.9% |
View KLCM Advisors, Inc.'s complete holdings history.
Latest filings
| Type | Filed |
|---|---|
| 13F-HR | 2024-08-14 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-05-16 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-01-31 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-11-07 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-08-09 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-05-11 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-02-10 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-11-14 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-08-04 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-05-03 |
View KLCM Advisors, Inc.'s complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.