$953 Million is the total value of LAKE STREET ADVISORS GROUP, LLC's 234 reported holdings in Q1 2019. The portfolio turnover from Q4 2018 to Q1 2019 was 32.0% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VWO | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Fftse emr mkt etf | $152,239,000 | +17.4% | 3,582,101 | +5.2% | 15.97% | +1.1% |
SONO | New | SONOS INC | $73,154,000 | – | 7,109,220 | +100.0% | 7.68% | – |
VEA | Buy | VANGUARD TAX MANAGED INTL FDftse dev mkt etf | $70,590,000 | +10.6% | 1,727,185 | +0.4% | 7.41% | -4.8% |
IWB | Buy | ISHARES TRrus 1000 etf | $40,868,000 | +24.5% | 259,790 | +9.8% | 4.29% | +7.3% |
VNQ | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSreal estate etf | $38,912,000 | +19.9% | 447,723 | +2.8% | 4.08% | +3.3% |
IJR | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p scp etf | $37,035,000 | +13.2% | 480,032 | +1.7% | 3.89% | -2.5% |
GUNR | Buy | FLEXSHARES TRmornstar upstr | $33,723,000 | +14.0% | 1,029,696 | +1.9% | 3.54% | -1.8% |
BIP | Buy | BROOKFIELD INFRAST PARTNERSlp int unit | $30,958,000 | +21.9% | 739,389 | +0.5% | 3.25% | +5.0% |
BEP | Buy | BROOKFIELD RENEWABLE PARTNERpartnership unit | $24,855,000 | +29.3% | 777,919 | +4.8% | 2.61% | +11.4% |
EFA | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci eafe etf | $23,960,000 | +10.4% | 369,409 | +0.1% | 2.51% | -4.9% |
BA | Buy | BOEING CO | $20,239,000 | +18.8% | 53,061 | +0.4% | 2.12% | +2.3% |
BND | Buy | VANGUARD BD INDEX FD INCtotal bnd mrkt | $19,054,000 | +78.1% | 234,708 | +73.8% | 2.00% | +53.4% |
VEU | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Fallwrld ex us | $17,513,000 | +22.0% | 349,207 | +10.9% | 1.84% | +5.1% |
XLE | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRenergy | $14,805,000 | +15.5% | 223,910 | +0.2% | 1.55% | -0.6% |
EEM | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci emg mkt etf | $11,152,000 | +12.6% | 259,838 | +2.5% | 1.17% | -3.0% |
AGG | Buy | ISHARES TRcore us aggbd et | $8,650,000 | +3.0% | 79,310 | +0.5% | 0.91% | -11.2% |
EEMX | Buy | SPDR INDEX SHS FDSmsci emr mkt etf | $7,991,000 | +16.4% | 127,934 | +5.8% | 0.84% | +0.2% |
VOO | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDS | $7,404,000 | +55.3% | 28,528 | +37.5% | 0.78% | +33.7% |
IEMG | Buy | ISHARES INCcore msci emkt | $7,128,000 | +11.2% | 137,850 | +1.4% | 0.75% | -4.2% |
AAPL | Buy | APPLE INC | $5,290,000 | +22.2% | 27,847 | +1.5% | 0.56% | +5.3% |
IWM | Buy | ISHARES TRrussell 2000 etf | $4,856,000 | +43.8% | 31,720 | +25.7% | 0.51% | +23.8% |
QQQ | Buy | INVESCO QQQ TRunit ser 1 | $4,767,000 | +16.5% | 26,534 | +0.0% | 0.50% | +0.4% |
AMZN | Buy | AMAZON COM INC | $4,577,000 | +24.7% | 2,570 | +5.2% | 0.48% | +7.4% |
MSFT | Buy | MICROSOFT CORP | $4,079,000 | +17.5% | 34,586 | +1.2% | 0.43% | +1.2% |
GNR | Buy | SPDR INDEX SHS FDSglb nat resrce | $3,486,000 | +18.6% | 75,411 | +5.8% | 0.37% | +2.2% |
BRKB | Buy | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC DELcl b new | $3,053,000 | +1.9% | 15,198 | +3.6% | 0.32% | -12.3% |
SCHF | Buy | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRintl eqty etf | $2,254,000 | +21.2% | 71,989 | +9.8% | 0.24% | +4.4% |
SH | Buy | PROSHARES TRshort s&p 500 ne | $2,254,000 | -11.2% | 81,511 | +0.7% | 0.24% | -23.6% |
BSV | Buy | VANGUARD BD INDEX FD INCshort trm bond | $1,796,000 | +27.5% | 22,565 | +25.9% | 0.19% | +9.3% |
FB | Buy | FACEBOOK INCcl a | $1,603,000 | +37.4% | 9,618 | +8.0% | 0.17% | +18.3% |
PFE | Buy | PFIZER INC | $1,369,000 | +15.8% | 32,232 | +19.0% | 0.14% | 0.0% |
MDT | Buy | MEDTRONIC PLC | $1,332,000 | +111.1% | 14,632 | +110.9% | 0.14% | +81.8% |
OKE | Buy | ONEOK INC NEW | $1,336,000 | +31.8% | 19,129 | +1.8% | 0.14% | +12.9% |
IVV | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p500 etf | $1,283,000 | +22.4% | 4,508 | +8.3% | 0.14% | +5.5% |
UNH | Buy | UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC | $1,264,000 | +21.8% | 5,114 | +22.7% | 0.13% | +5.6% |
GOOG | Buy | ALPHABET INCcap stk cl c | $1,233,000 | +24.7% | 1,051 | +10.1% | 0.13% | +7.5% |
MRK | Buy | MERCK & CO INC | $1,117,000 | +10.3% | 13,426 | +1.3% | 0.12% | -4.9% |
VGK | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Fftse europe etf | $1,107,000 | +10.8% | 20,655 | +0.6% | 0.12% | -4.9% |
PG | Buy | PROCTER AND GAMBLE CO | $1,089,000 | +74.8% | 10,467 | +54.6% | 0.11% | +50.0% |
INTC | Buy | INTEL CORP | $1,073,000 | +22.5% | 19,974 | +7.0% | 0.11% | +5.6% |
MA | Buy | MASTERCARD INCcl a | $1,029,000 | +26.4% | 4,370 | +1.3% | 0.11% | +9.1% |
BAC | Buy | BANK AMER CORP | $952,000 | +12.4% | 34,510 | +0.3% | 0.10% | -2.9% |
IWF | Buy | ISHARES TRrus 1000 grw etf | $806,000 | +15.6% | 5,325 | +0.0% | 0.08% | 0.0% |
CB | Buy | CHUBB LIMITED | $770,000 | +117.5% | 5,504 | +100.9% | 0.08% | +88.4% |
ORCL | Buy | ORACLE CORP | $736,000 | +21.5% | 13,695 | +2.0% | 0.08% | +4.1% |
DIS | Buy | DISNEY WALT CO | $718,000 | +18.5% | 6,470 | +17.1% | 0.08% | +1.4% |
IWR | Buy | ISHARES TRrus mid cap etf | $714,000 | +16.5% | 13,242 | +0.3% | 0.08% | 0.0% |
IFGL | Buy | ISHARES TRintl dev re etf | $705,000 | +13.2% | 23,197 | +0.7% | 0.07% | -2.6% |
WFC | Buy | WELLS FARGO CO NEW | $674,000 | +7.0% | 13,956 | +2.0% | 0.07% | -7.8% |
C | Buy | CITIGROUP INC | $656,000 | +29.1% | 10,537 | +7.9% | 0.07% | +11.3% |
T | Buy | AT&T INC | $660,000 | +17.0% | 21,043 | +6.6% | 0.07% | 0.0% |
AXP | Buy | AMERICAN EXPRESS CO | $653,000 | +104.1% | 5,973 | +78.1% | 0.07% | +76.9% |
XOM | Buy | EXXON MOBIL CORP | $651,000 | +34.2% | 8,056 | +13.2% | 0.07% | +15.3% |
CMG | Buy | CHIPOTLE MEXICAN GRILL INC | $641,000 | +67.4% | 902 | +1.7% | 0.07% | +42.6% |
UNP | Buy | UNION PACIFIC CORP | $618,000 | +30.7% | 3,696 | +8.0% | 0.06% | +12.1% |
PYPL | Buy | PAYPAL HLDGS INC | $612,000 | +35.7% | 5,892 | +9.9% | 0.06% | +16.4% |
CVX | Buy | CHEVRON CORP NEW | $604,000 | +21.3% | 4,901 | +7.1% | 0.06% | +3.3% |
KO | Buy | COCA COLA CO | $577,000 | +3.4% | 12,321 | +4.6% | 0.06% | -10.3% |
TXN | Buy | TEXAS INSTRS INC | $576,000 | +17.3% | 5,430 | +4.5% | 0.06% | 0.0% |
GILD | Buy | GILEAD SCIENCES INC | $569,000 | +15.9% | 8,746 | +11.5% | 0.06% | 0.0% |
ACN | Buy | ACCENTURE PLC IRELAND | $566,000 | +32.9% | 3,213 | +6.4% | 0.06% | +13.5% |
MCD | Buy | MCDONALDS CORP | $560,000 | +19.4% | 2,951 | +11.8% | 0.06% | +3.5% |
AMT | Buy | AMERICAN TOWER CORP NEW | $535,000 | +30.2% | 2,716 | +4.4% | 0.06% | +12.0% |
AVGO | Buy | BROADCOM INC | $500,000 | +18.2% | 1,664 | +0.1% | 0.05% | 0.0% |
BP | Buy | BP PLCsponsored adr | $494,000 | +20.8% | 11,294 | +4.7% | 0.05% | +4.0% |
SPYX | Buy | SPDR SER TRspdr s&p 500 etf | $486,000 | +21.8% | 7,115 | +8.5% | 0.05% | +4.1% |
ABT | Buy | ABBOTT LABS | $487,000 | +14.3% | 6,090 | +3.4% | 0.05% | -1.9% |
TRGP | Buy | TARGA RES CORP | $474,000 | +15.9% | 11,402 | +0.5% | 0.05% | 0.0% |
ABBV | Buy | ABBVIE INC | $466,000 | -6.4% | 5,785 | +7.1% | 0.05% | -19.7% |
VHT | Buy | VANGUARD WORLD FDShealth car etf | $453,000 | +8.1% | 2,627 | +0.7% | 0.05% | -5.9% |
COST | Buy | COSTCO WHSL CORP NEW | $453,000 | +24.8% | 1,870 | +5.1% | 0.05% | +9.1% |
CI | Buy | CIGNA CORP NEW | $446,000 | +61.0% | 2,773 | +90.2% | 0.05% | +38.2% |
EFAX | Buy | SPDR INDEX SHS FDSmsci eafe fs etf | $436,000 | +22.8% | 6,571 | +11.7% | 0.05% | +7.0% |
TM | Buy | TOYOTA MOTOR CORP | $430,000 | +7.5% | 3,645 | +5.7% | 0.04% | -8.2% |
HSBC | Buy | HSBC HLDGS PLCspon adr new | $418,000 | +4.2% | 10,293 | +5.4% | 0.04% | -10.2% |
SRE | Buy | SEMPRA ENERGY | $419,000 | +18.4% | 3,327 | +1.8% | 0.04% | +2.3% |
WMB | Buy | WILLIAMS COS INC DEL | $410,000 | +36.7% | 14,269 | +4.8% | 0.04% | +16.2% |
MMM | Buy | 3M CO | $404,000 | +18.1% | 1,946 | +8.5% | 0.04% | 0.0% |
KMB | New | KIMBERLY CLARK CORP | $405,000 | – | 3,267 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
NVDA | New | NVIDIA CORP | $399,000 | – | 2,220 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
DOCU | New | DOCUSIGN INC | $391,000 | – | 7,536 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
SHY | New | ISHARES TR1 3 yr treas bd | $379,000 | – | 4,503 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
VSGX | New | VANGUARD WORLD FDesg intl stk etf | $367,000 | – | 7,525 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
TIP | New | ISHARES TRtips bd etf | $360,000 | – | 3,182 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
ADBE | Buy | ADOBE INC | $355,000 | +35.5% | 1,332 | +14.8% | 0.04% | +15.6% |
SBUX | Buy | STARBUCKS CORP | $343,000 | +37.8% | 4,617 | +19.5% | 0.04% | +20.0% |
MO | Buy | ALTRIA GROUP INC | $343,000 | +47.8% | 5,966 | +27.0% | 0.04% | +28.6% |
SLB | Buy | SCHLUMBERGER LTD | $343,000 | +22.1% | 7,874 | +0.9% | 0.04% | +5.9% |
SYK | Buy | STRYKER CORP | $342,000 | +34.6% | 1,729 | +6.9% | 0.04% | +16.1% |
LOW | Buy | LOWES COS INC | $343,000 | +31.4% | 3,138 | +11.1% | 0.04% | +12.5% |
ADP | Buy | AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING IN | $330,000 | +28.9% | 2,064 | +5.7% | 0.04% | +12.9% |
NKE | Buy | NIKE INCcl b | $329,000 | +28.0% | 3,912 | +12.9% | 0.04% | +12.9% |
WMT | Buy | WALMART INC | $329,000 | +13.4% | 3,370 | +8.1% | 0.04% | 0.0% |
NEM | Buy | NEWMONT MNG CORP | $330,000 | +4.1% | 9,214 | +0.7% | 0.04% | -10.3% |
FAST | Buy | FASTENAL CO | $327,000 | +30.8% | 5,089 | +6.3% | 0.03% | +13.3% |
EMR | Buy | EMERSON ELEC CO | $318,000 | +21.8% | 4,650 | +6.4% | 0.03% | +3.1% |
CAT | Buy | CATERPILLAR INC DEL | $302,000 | +16.2% | 2,231 | +8.9% | 0.03% | 0.0% |
RDSA | Buy | ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLCspons adr a | $308,000 | +12.4% | 4,913 | +4.5% | 0.03% | -3.0% |
Y | New | ALLEGHANY CORP DEL | $295,000 | – | 482 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
TJX | Buy | TJX COS INC NEW | $295,000 | +25.0% | 5,542 | +4.9% | 0.03% | +6.9% |
SYY | Buy | SYSCO CORP | $296,000 | +8.4% | 4,433 | +1.7% | 0.03% | -6.1% |
BDX | Buy | BECTON DICKINSON & CO | $300,000 | +12.4% | 1,201 | +1.4% | 0.03% | -6.1% |
LLY | Buy | LILLY ELI & CO | $297,000 | +18.8% | 2,287 | +5.9% | 0.03% | +3.3% |
CELG | New | CELGENE CORP | $298,000 | – | 3,163 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
PM | New | PHILIP MORRIS INTL INC | $299,000 | – | 3,383 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
CLX | Buy | CLOROX CO DEL | $282,000 | +4.8% | 1,757 | +0.8% | 0.03% | -9.1% |
NSC | Buy | NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP | $283,000 | +30.4% | 1,516 | +4.6% | 0.03% | +15.4% |
MCO | Buy | MOODYS CORP | $289,000 | +31.4% | 1,597 | +1.8% | 0.03% | +11.1% |
GS | Buy | GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC | $280,000 | +31.5% | 1,459 | +14.3% | 0.03% | +11.5% |
SDG | New | ISHARES TRmsci global imp | $280,000 | – | 4,739 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
USB | Buy | US BANCORP DEL | $272,000 | +18.3% | 5,635 | +11.7% | 0.03% | +3.6% |
BLMT | New | BSB BANCORP INC MD | $274,000 | – | 8,339 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
PGR | Buy | PROGRESSIVE CORP OHIO | $270,000 | +24.4% | 3,751 | +4.4% | 0.03% | +7.7% |
RHT | Buy | RED HAT INC | $265,000 | +10.0% | 1,450 | +5.8% | 0.03% | -3.4% |
NTAP | Buy | NETAPP INC | $250,000 | +24.4% | 3,609 | +7.0% | 0.03% | +8.3% |
ITW | Buy | ILLINOIS TOOL WKS INC | $249,000 | +16.9% | 1,733 | +3.2% | 0.03% | 0.0% |
SUB | New | ISHARES TRshrt nat mun etf | $251,000 | – | 2,367 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
D | New | DOMINION ENERGY INC | $248,000 | – | 3,234 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
AZN | Buy | ASTRAZENECA PLCsponsored adr | $247,000 | +20.5% | 6,108 | +13.4% | 0.03% | +4.0% |
CERN | Buy | CERNER CORP | $251,000 | +12.6% | 4,384 | +2.9% | 0.03% | -3.7% |
INTU | New | INTUIT | $239,000 | – | 914 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
GSK | New | GLAXOSMITHKLINE PLCsponsored adr | $235,000 | – | 5,622 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
GM | Buy | GENERAL MTRS CO | $236,000 | +14.0% | 6,373 | +2.9% | 0.02% | 0.0% |
GE | Buy | GENERAL ELECTRIC CO | $240,000 | +90.5% | 24,015 | +44.6% | 0.02% | +66.7% |
SNY | Buy | SANOFIsponsored adr | $241,000 | +5.2% | 5,445 | +3.2% | 0.02% | -10.7% |
MMC | New | MARSH & MCLENNAN COS INC | $242,000 | – | 2,582 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
UN | Buy | UNILEVER N V | $241,000 | +14.2% | 4,127 | +5.4% | 0.02% | -3.8% |
CHTR | New | CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC Ncl a | $232,000 | – | 668 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
COP | New | CONOCOPHILLIPS | $233,000 | – | 3,496 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
BTI | New | BRITISH AMERN TOB PLCsponsored adr | $218,000 | – | 5,223 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
BAX | New | BAXTER INTL INC | $220,000 | – | 2,709 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ABC | Buy | AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORP | $223,000 | +7.7% | 2,807 | +0.9% | 0.02% | -8.0% |
SCHA | New | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRus sml cap etf | $218,000 | – | 3,116 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SCHZ | New | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRus aggregate b | $220,000 | – | 4,240 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
OMC | Buy | OMNICOM GROUP INC | $221,000 | 0.0% | 3,033 | +0.5% | 0.02% | -14.8% |
SPGI | New | S&P GLOBAL INC | $219,000 | – | 1,039 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
HSY | New | HERSHEY CO | $211,000 | – | 1,839 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SHW | New | SHERWIN WILLIAMS CO | $214,000 | – | 497 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ORLY | New | O REILLY AUTOMOTIVE INC NEW | $208,000 | – | 535 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
GLW | New | CORNING INC | $206,000 | – | 6,227 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
MUFG | Buy | MITSUBISHI UFJ FINL GROUP INsponsored ads | $207,000 | +12.5% | 41,895 | +11.2% | 0.02% | 0.0% |
TTE | New | TOTAL S Asponsored ads | $213,000 | – | 3,827 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
BUD | New | ANHEUSER BUSCH INBEV SA/NVsponsored adr | $206,000 | – | 2,457 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
AMP | New | AMERIPRISE FINL INC | $208,000 | – | 1,626 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
IWD | New | ISHARES TRrus 1000 val etf | $208,000 | – | 1,687 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ZTS | New | ZOETIS INCcl a | $207,000 | – | 2,057 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
IJH | New | ISHARES TRcore s&p mcp etf | $214,000 | – | 1,130 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
RF | Buy | REGIONS FINL CORP NEW | $198,000 | +6.5% | 14,012 | +0.5% | 0.02% | -8.7% |
TGT | New | TARGET CORP | $204,000 | – | 2,540 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
AZPN | New | ASPEN TECHNOLOGY INC | $204,000 | – | 1,956 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
PSX | New | PHILLIPS 66 | $200,000 | – | 2,104 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SMFG | Buy | SUMITOMO MITSUI FINL GROUP Isponsored adr | $178,000 | +14.8% | 25,365 | +6.3% | 0.02% | 0.0% |
SAN | Buy | BANCO SANTANDER SAadr | $175,000 | +8.7% | 37,742 | +4.9% | 0.02% | -10.0% |
ING | Buy | ING GROEP N Vsponsored adr | $139,000 | +21.9% | 11,467 | +7.4% | 0.02% | +7.1% |
LYG | Buy | LLOYDS BANKING GROUP PLCsponsored adr | $134,000 | +35.4% | 41,739 | +8.4% | 0.01% | +16.7% |
BBVA | Buy | BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTAsponsored adr | $105,000 | +10.5% | 18,404 | +2.7% | 0.01% | -8.3% |
NOK | Buy | NOKIA CORPsponsored adr | $92,000 | +2.2% | 16,097 | +4.0% | 0.01% | -9.1% |
MFG | Buy | MIZUHO FINL GROUP INCsponsored adr | $85,000 | +10.4% | 27,905 | +8.2% | 0.01% | 0.0% |
BCS | New | BARCLAYS PLCadr | $85,000 | – | 10,637 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
NMR | Buy | NOMURA HLDGS INCsponsored adr | $51,000 | +13.3% | 14,208 | +16.6% | 0.01% | 0.0% |
GNW | New | GENWORTH FINL INC | $39,000 | – | 10,115 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2019-05-15
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
SPDR S&P 500 ETF TR | 24 | Q3 2023 | 11.2% |
ISHARES TR | 24 | Q3 2023 | 6.4% |
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners (BIP) | 24 | Q3 2023 | 4.6% |
BROOKFIELD RENEWABLE PARTNER | 24 | Q3 2023 | 4.5% |
ISHARES TR | 24 | Q3 2023 | 4.4% |
ISHARES TR | 24 | Q3 2023 | 3.6% |
FLEXSHARES TR | 24 | Q3 2023 | 3.9% |
Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) | 24 | Q3 2023 | 8.4% |
iShares U.S. Real Estate ETF (IYR) | 24 | Q3 2023 | 2.0% |
Microsoft Corp (MSFT) | 24 | Q3 2023 | 2.0% |
View LAKE STREET ADVISORS GROUP, LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-05-13 |
13F-HR | 2024-02-13 |
13F-HR | 2023-11-14 |
13F-HR | 2023-08-10 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-15 |
13F-HR | 2023-02-14 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-14 |
13F-HR | 2022-08-02 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-11 |
13F-HR | 2022-02-15 |
View LAKE STREET ADVISORS GROUP, LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.