$1.27 Billion is the total value of Roundview Capital LLC's 316 reported holdings in Q2 2024. The portfolio turnover from Q1 2024 to Q2 2024 was 11.8% .
| Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRKB | Buy | BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC DELcl b new | $66,547,192 | -3.1% | 163,587 | +0.2% | 5.24% | -6.6% |
| MSFT | Buy | MICROSOFT CORP | $63,242,911 | +8.0% | 141,499 | +1.7% | 4.98% | +4.1% |
| VOO | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDS | $49,509,690 | +6.5% | 98,994 | +2.4% | 3.90% | +2.6% |
| GOOG | Buy | ALPHABET INCcap stk cl c | $47,560,696 | +21.3% | 259,299 | +0.7% | 3.75% | +16.8% |
| AMZN | Buy | AMAZON COM INC | $33,786,864 | +9.2% | 174,835 | +2.0% | 2.66% | +5.3% |
| SCHB | Buy | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRus brd mkt etf | $28,165,742 | +49.8% | 448,000 | +45.5% | 2.22% | +44.3% |
| QQQ | Buy | INVESCO QQQ TRunit ser 1 | $25,245,161 | +8.3% | 52,692 | +0.4% | 1.99% | +4.3% |
| VTI | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDStotal stk mkt | $24,694,263 | +5.8% | 92,312 | +2.8% | 1.94% | +1.9% |
| BIV | Buy | VANGUARD BD INDEX FDSintermed term | $23,334,376 | +0.7% | 311,582 | +1.4% | 1.84% | -3.0% |
| NVDA | Buy | NVIDIA CORPORATION | $20,828,753 | +17.1% | 168,599 | +756.3% | 1.64% | +12.8% |
| BND | Buy | VANGUARD BD INDEX FDStotal bnd mrkt | $15,950,129 | +4.0% | 221,376 | +4.8% | 1.26% | +0.2% |
| MA | Buy | MASTERCARD INCORPORATEDcl a | $15,299,155 | -4.8% | 34,679 | +3.9% | 1.20% | -8.3% |
| IGIB | Buy | ISHARES TR | $15,174,011 | +1.5% | 296,021 | +2.2% | 1.20% | -2.2% |
| COST | Buy | COSTCO WHSL CORP NEW | $13,883,189 | +16.8% | 16,333 | +0.7% | 1.09% | +12.6% |
| FB | Buy | META PLATFORMS INCcl a | $13,562,675 | +6.3% | 26,898 | +2.4% | 1.07% | +2.4% |
| PGR | Buy | PROGRESSIVE CORP | $12,157,647 | +1.9% | 58,532 | +1.5% | 0.96% | -1.7% |
| TSM | Buy | TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MFG LTDsponsored ads | $11,765,071 | +33.7% | 67,689 | +4.7% | 0.93% | +28.9% |
| VCIT | Buy | VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FDSint-term corp | $11,637,264 | +4.3% | 145,593 | +5.1% | 0.92% | +0.5% |
| V | Buy | VISA INC | $10,515,620 | -2.3% | 40,064 | +3.8% | 0.83% | -5.9% |
| BIL | Buy | SPDR SER TRbloomberg 1-3 mo | $10,226,679 | +4.0% | 111,426 | +4.1% | 0.80% | +0.2% |
| MKL | Buy | MARKEL GROUP INC | $10,163,007 | +5.3% | 6,450 | +1.7% | 0.80% | +1.4% |
| CSL | Buy | CARLISLE COS INC | $9,331,987 | +7.8% | 23,030 | +4.3% | 0.74% | +3.8% |
| AGG | Buy | ISHARES TRcore us aggbd et | $8,956,168 | +5.8% | 92,265 | +6.8% | 0.70% | +1.9% |
| VDE | Buy | VANGUARD WORLD FDenergy etf | $8,816,901 | +0.5% | 69,114 | +3.7% | 0.69% | -3.2% |
| VO | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSmid cap etf | $7,837,433 | -1.2% | 32,373 | +1.9% | 0.62% | -4.9% |
| XLK | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRtechnology | $7,740,460 | +21.9% | 34,215 | +12.2% | 0.61% | +17.5% |
| VCSH | Buy | VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FDSshrt trm corp bd | $7,538,532 | +0.8% | 97,555 | +0.8% | 0.59% | -2.8% |
| VGSH | Buy | VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FDSshort term treas | $6,986,230 | +16.3% | 120,473 | +16.4% | 0.55% | +12.0% |
| FAST | Buy | FASTENAL CO | $6,837,592 | -13.8% | 108,810 | +5.8% | 0.54% | -16.9% |
| SPIB | Buy | SPDR SER TRportfolio intrmd | $6,260,507 | +12.0% | 192,276 | +12.4% | 0.49% | +7.9% |
| CPRT | Buy | COPART INC | $6,195,092 | +1.6% | 114,385 | +8.6% | 0.49% | -2.2% |
| VEA | Buy | VANGUARD TAX-MANAGED FDSvan ftse dev mkt | $5,866,238 | -0.3% | 118,702 | +1.2% | 0.46% | -4.0% |
| MRK | Buy | MERCK & CO INC | $5,654,318 | -6.1% | 45,673 | +0.1% | 0.44% | -9.6% |
| TXN | Buy | TEXAS INSTRS INC | $5,516,102 | +31.0% | 28,356 | +17.3% | 0.43% | +26.2% |
| CAT | Buy | CATERPILLAR INC | $5,469,502 | -8.6% | 16,420 | +0.6% | 0.43% | -11.9% |
| QQQM | Buy | INVESCO EXCH TRADED FD TR IInasdaq 100 etf | $5,386,228 | +106.3% | 27,326 | +91.2% | 0.42% | +99.1% |
| XLE | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRenergy | $5,303,290 | +7.1% | 58,182 | +11.0% | 0.42% | +3.2% |
| HYG | Buy | ISHARES TRiboxx hi yd etf | $4,886,909 | +5.0% | 63,351 | +5.9% | 0.38% | +1.3% |
| ABBV | Buy | ABBVIE INC | $4,779,920 | -4.3% | 27,868 | +1.6% | 0.38% | -7.8% |
| HEI | Buy | HEICO CORP NEW | $4,774,745 | +54.7% | 21,353 | +32.1% | 0.38% | +49.2% |
| GS | Buy | GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC | $4,722,221 | +8.4% | 10,440 | +0.1% | 0.37% | +4.5% |
| ORLY | Buy | OREILLY AUTOMOTIVE INC | $4,535,778 | +15.4% | 4,295 | +23.4% | 0.36% | +11.2% |
| ADP | Buy | AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING IN | $4,487,489 | +3.9% | 18,800 | +8.7% | 0.35% | 0.0% |
| ISRG | Buy | INTUITIVE SURGICAL INC | $4,458,287 | +11.8% | 10,022 | +0.3% | 0.35% | +7.7% |
| VB | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSsmall cp etf | $4,445,725 | -2.1% | 20,389 | +2.6% | 0.35% | -5.7% |
| MCO | Buy | MOODYS CORP | $4,186,625 | +33.6% | 9,946 | +24.7% | 0.33% | +28.9% |
| NVR | Buy | NVR INC | $4,158,531 | +8.5% | 548 | +15.9% | 0.33% | +4.8% |
| SCHD | Buy | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRus dividend eq | $3,899,027 | -2.3% | 50,142 | +1.3% | 0.31% | -5.8% |
| SHW | Buy | SHERWIN WILLIAMS CO | $3,855,063 | -12.0% | 12,918 | +2.4% | 0.30% | -15.1% |
| RSP | Buy | INVESCO EXCHANGE TRADED FD Ts&p500 eql wgt | $3,826,082 | +13.1% | 23,290 | +16.6% | 0.30% | +9.1% |
| GOOGL | Buy | ALPHABET INCcap stk cl a | $3,810,218 | +21.9% | 20,918 | +1.0% | 0.30% | +17.6% |
| CBZ | Buy | CBIZ INC | $3,735,456 | +3.7% | 50,411 | +9.9% | 0.29% | 0.0% |
| BAH | Buy | BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON HLDG CORcl a | $3,660,646 | +4.0% | 23,786 | +0.3% | 0.29% | 0.0% |
| MSCI | Buy | MSCI INC | $3,449,330 | +93.1% | 7,160 | +124.6% | 0.27% | +86.3% |
| NFLX | Buy | NETFLIX INC | $3,426,366 | +15.9% | 5,077 | +4.3% | 0.27% | +11.6% |
| MTD | Buy | METTLER TOLEDO INTERNATIONAL | $3,389,156 | +9.2% | 2,425 | +4.0% | 0.27% | +5.1% |
| MCK | Buy | MCKESSON CORP | $3,343,045 | +13.3% | 5,724 | +4.1% | 0.26% | +9.1% |
| IEFA | Buy | ISHARES TRcore msci eafe | $3,319,446 | +0.8% | 45,697 | +3.0% | 0.26% | -3.0% |
| KNSL | New | KINSALE CAP GROUP INC | $3,290,292 | – | 8,540 | +100.0% | 0.26% | – |
| TSCO | Buy | TRACTOR SUPPLY CO | $3,217,860 | +5.3% | 11,918 | +2.0% | 0.25% | +1.2% |
| BAC | Buy | BANK AMERICA CORP | $3,209,935 | +5.6% | 80,712 | +0.7% | 0.25% | +1.6% |
| ETN | Buy | EATON CORP PLC | $3,158,076 | +4.6% | 10,072 | +4.3% | 0.25% | +0.8% |
| OTIS | Buy | OTIS WORLDWIDE CORP | $3,150,220 | +10.5% | 32,726 | +13.9% | 0.25% | +6.4% |
| CVX | Buy | CHEVRON CORP NEW | $3,120,616 | +13.0% | 19,950 | +13.9% | 0.25% | +8.8% |
| URI | Buy | UNITED RENTALS INC | $3,098,484 | -0.9% | 4,791 | +10.4% | 0.24% | -4.7% |
| VV | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSlarge cap etf | $3,042,369 | +21.7% | 12,188 | +16.9% | 0.24% | +17.6% |
| LLY | Buy | ELI LILLY & CO | $3,036,645 | +23.1% | 3,354 | +5.8% | 0.24% | +18.3% |
| AMAT | Buy | APPLIED MATLS INC | $2,733,473 | +18.9% | 11,583 | +3.9% | 0.22% | +14.4% |
| VBR | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSsm cp val etf | $2,722,754 | +32.8% | 14,918 | +39.6% | 0.21% | +27.4% |
| AZO | Buy | AUTOZONE INC | $2,667,690 | +18.2% | 900 | +25.7% | 0.21% | +14.1% |
| QCOM | Buy | QUALCOMM INC | $2,566,416 | +657.3% | 12,885 | +543.6% | 0.20% | +621.4% |
| FND | Buy | FLOOR & DECOR HLDGS INCcl a | $2,504,437 | -22.9% | 25,193 | +0.5% | 0.20% | -25.7% |
| Buy | CANADIAN PACIFIC KANSAS CITY | $2,394,101 | +8.6% | 30,409 | +21.6% | 0.19% | +5.0% | |
| LQD | Buy | ISHARES TRiboxx inv cp etf | $2,386,029 | -0.2% | 22,274 | +1.5% | 0.19% | -3.6% |
| ODFL | Buy | OLD DOMINION FREIGHT LINE IN | $2,345,248 | +265.2% | 13,280 | +353.6% | 0.18% | +255.8% |
| AME | Buy | AMETEK INC | $2,321,951 | -7.3% | 13,928 | +1.7% | 0.18% | -10.7% |
| LMT | Buy | LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP | $2,306,770 | +28.4% | 4,938 | +25.0% | 0.18% | +23.8% |
| MSI | Buy | MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS INC | $2,243,305 | +17.7% | 5,811 | +8.2% | 0.18% | +13.5% |
| VIG | Buy | VANGUARD SPECIALIZED FUNDSdiv app etf | $2,253,050 | +3.2% | 12,342 | +3.2% | 0.18% | -1.1% |
| LOW | Buy | LOWES COS INC | $2,233,462 | -11.0% | 10,131 | +2.9% | 0.18% | -14.1% |
| ROP | Buy | ROPER TECHNOLOGIES INC | $2,188,802 | +50.7% | 3,883 | +50.0% | 0.17% | +44.5% |
| WCN | Buy | WASTE CONNECTIONS INC | $2,166,366 | +7.7% | 12,354 | +5.6% | 0.17% | +4.3% |
| ORCL | Buy | ORACLE CORP | $2,128,732 | +18.1% | 15,076 | +5.0% | 0.17% | +14.3% |
| BR | Buy | BROADRIDGE FINL SOLUTIONS IN | $2,071,849 | -3.5% | 10,517 | +0.3% | 0.16% | -7.4% |
| TJX | Buy | TJX COS INC NEW | $2,017,143 | +14.5% | 18,321 | +5.5% | 0.16% | +10.4% |
| FISV | Buy | FISERV INC | $2,000,415 | -4.7% | 13,422 | +2.2% | 0.16% | -8.1% |
| FTNT | Buy | FORTINET INC | $1,981,015 | -11.3% | 32,869 | +0.5% | 0.16% | -14.8% |
| ROST | Buy | ROSS STORES INC | $1,902,675 | +0.8% | 13,093 | +1.8% | 0.15% | -2.6% |
| SPGI | Buy | S&P GLOBAL INC | $1,877,332 | +8.0% | 4,209 | +3.0% | 0.15% | +4.2% |
| APG | Buy | API GROUP CORP | $1,815,008 | -3.9% | 48,233 | +0.3% | 0.14% | -7.1% |
| HSY | Buy | HERSHEY CO | $1,808,336 | +10.1% | 9,837 | +16.4% | 0.14% | +6.0% |
| BKNG | Buy | BOOKING HOLDINGS INC | $1,743,132 | +25.1% | 440 | +14.6% | 0.14% | +20.2% |
| Buy | PRINCETON BANCORP INC | $1,739,141 | +18.8% | 52,542 | +10.5% | 0.14% | +14.2% | |
| ASML | Buy | ASML HOLDING N V | $1,706,937 | +10.7% | 1,669 | +5.0% | 0.13% | +6.3% |
| ANET | Buy | ARISTA NETWORKS INC | $1,624,475 | +89.3% | 4,635 | +56.6% | 0.13% | +82.9% |
| VT | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Ftt wrld st etf | $1,601,876 | +2.0% | 14,222 | +0.0% | 0.13% | -1.6% |
| TFII | Buy | TFI INTL INC | $1,592,841 | -6.1% | 10,973 | +3.1% | 0.12% | -10.1% |
| VXUS | Buy | VANGUARD STAR FDSvg tl intl stk f | $1,586,433 | +1.6% | 26,309 | +1.6% | 0.12% | -2.3% |
| SHY | Buy | ISHARES TR1 3 yr treas bd | $1,591,849 | +6.4% | 19,496 | +6.5% | 0.12% | +2.5% |
| IDXX | Buy | IDEXX LABS INC | $1,573,656 | -8.8% | 3,230 | +1.1% | 0.12% | -12.1% |
| WST | Buy | WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SVSC INC | $1,579,881 | -10.2% | 4,796 | +7.8% | 0.12% | -13.9% |
| GRMN | Buy | GARMIN LTD | $1,575,437 | +9.6% | 9,670 | +0.2% | 0.12% | +6.0% |
| CB | Buy | CHUBB LIMITED | $1,562,584 | +1.9% | 6,126 | +3.5% | 0.12% | -1.6% |
| RACE | Buy | FERRARI N V | $1,517,883 | +25.7% | 3,717 | +34.2% | 0.12% | +21.2% |
| Buy | LINDE PLC | $1,506,874 | +132.5% | 3,434 | +146.0% | 0.12% | +124.5% | |
| MU | Buy | MICRON TECHNOLOGY INC | $1,432,757 | +56.5% | 10,893 | +40.2% | 0.11% | +50.7% |
| CSX | Buy | CSX CORP | $1,425,883 | -3.5% | 42,627 | +6.9% | 0.11% | -7.4% |
| EWJ | Buy | ISHARES INCmsci jpn etf new | $1,411,067 | -1.3% | 20,678 | +3.2% | 0.11% | -5.1% |
| RTX | Buy | RTX CORPORATION | $1,405,260 | +7.1% | 13,998 | +4.1% | 0.11% | +3.7% |
| APH | Buy | AMPHENOL CORP NEWcl a | $1,361,279 | +16.8% | 20,206 | +100.0% | 0.11% | +12.6% |
| GWW | Buy | GRAINGER W W INC | $1,350,654 | -11.2% | 1,497 | +0.1% | 0.11% | -14.5% |
| BRO | Buy | BROWN & BROWN INC | $1,335,965 | +3.8% | 14,942 | +1.7% | 0.10% | 0.0% |
| CI | Buy | THE CIGNA GROUP | $1,318,644 | -6.9% | 3,989 | +2.3% | 0.10% | -10.3% |
| New | LABCORP HOLDINGS INC | $1,280,078 | – | 6,290 | +100.0% | 0.10% | – | |
| FERG | Buy | FERGUSON PLC NEW | $1,212,249 | -10.7% | 6,260 | +0.7% | 0.10% | -14.4% |
| ANTM | Buy | ELEVANCE HEALTH INC | $1,171,162 | +6.7% | 2,161 | +2.1% | 0.09% | +2.2% |
| MUB | Buy | ISHARES TRnational mun etf | $1,173,649 | +0.4% | 11,015 | +1.4% | 0.09% | -4.2% |
| New | TKO GROUP HOLDINGS INCcl a | $1,159,813 | – | 10,740 | +100.0% | 0.09% | – | |
| TDG | Buy | TRANSDIGM GROUP INC | $1,151,127 | +54.5% | 901 | +48.9% | 0.09% | +49.2% |
| XLB | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRsbi materials | $1,135,900 | -4.4% | 12,863 | +0.5% | 0.09% | -8.2% |
| MUSA | New | MURPHY USA INC | $1,098,067 | – | 2,339 | +100.0% | 0.09% | – |
| IEF | Buy | ISHARES TR7-10 yr trsy bd | $980,329 | +6.7% | 10,468 | +7.8% | 0.08% | +2.7% |
| TYL | New | TYLER TECHNOLOGIES INC | $917,071 | – | 1,824 | +100.0% | 0.07% | – |
| AVGO | Buy | BROADCOM INC | $915,153 | +40.6% | 570 | +16.1% | 0.07% | +35.8% |
| ROL | New | ROLLINS INC | $909,153 | – | 18,634 | +100.0% | 0.07% | – |
| BLK | Buy | BLACKROCK INC | $904,631 | -4.1% | 1,149 | +1.6% | 0.07% | -7.8% |
| NEE | Buy | NEXTERA ENERGY INC | $885,763 | +11.6% | 12,509 | +0.8% | 0.07% | +7.7% |
| SCHZ | Buy | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRus aggregate b | $837,670 | +60.6% | 18,378 | +62.0% | 0.07% | +53.5% |
| CARR | New | CARRIER GLOBAL CORPORATION | $766,801 | – | 12,156 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
| SO | Buy | SOUTHERN CO | $708,990 | +32.9% | 9,140 | +22.9% | 0.06% | +27.3% |
| CSCO | Buy | CISCO SYS INC | $660,645 | +6.7% | 13,905 | +12.1% | 0.05% | +2.0% |
| CDNS | Buy | CADENCE DESIGN SYSTEM INC | $664,433 | +29.1% | 2,159 | +30.6% | 0.05% | +23.8% |
| AVB | Buy | AVALONBAY CMNTYS INC | $563,569 | +41.7% | 2,724 | +27.1% | 0.04% | +33.3% |
| ZTS | New | ZOETIS INCcl a | $544,351 | – | 3,140 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
| New | WISDOMTREE TRfloatng rat trea | $498,069 | – | 9,900 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – | |
| SGOV | New | ISHARES TR0-3 mnth treasry | $500,026 | – | 4,965 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
| DUK | Buy | DUKE ENERGY CORP NEW | $483,182 | +4.4% | 4,821 | +0.8% | 0.04% | 0.0% |
| Buy | GE AEROSPACE | $472,777 | -6.3% | 2,974 | +3.5% | 0.04% | -9.8% | |
| VRTX | New | VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC | $452,315 | – | 965 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
| TCHP | Buy | T ROWE PRICE ETF INCprice blue chip | $410,820 | +9.9% | 10,610 | +0.2% | 0.03% | +3.2% |
| MS | Buy | MORGAN STANLEY | $362,033 | +8.3% | 3,725 | +5.0% | 0.03% | +7.4% |
| Buy | VERALTO CORP | $373,288 | +10.1% | 3,910 | +2.2% | 0.03% | +3.6% | |
| IJH | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p mcp etf | $360,095 | -3.3% | 6,153 | +0.4% | 0.03% | -6.7% |
| PEG | Buy | PUBLIC SVC ENTERPRISE GRP IN | $293,080 | +11.5% | 3,977 | +1.0% | 0.02% | +9.5% |
| MO | New | ALTRIA GROUP INC | $275,715 | – | 6,053 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
| IFN | New | INDIA FD INC | $257,970 | – | 14,444 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
| CTVA | Buy | CORTEVA INC | $253,842 | -3.7% | 4,706 | +3.0% | 0.02% | -9.1% |
| LYB | Buy | LYONDELLBASELL INDUSTRIES N | $253,595 | +0.9% | 2,651 | +7.9% | 0.02% | -4.8% |
| CRWD | New | CROWDSTRIKE HLDGS INCcl a | $255,588 | – | 667 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
| CL | Buy | COLGATE PALMOLIVE CO | $251,431 | +10.1% | 2,591 | +2.2% | 0.02% | +5.3% |
| TNDM | New | TANDEM DIABETES CARE INC | $215,310 | – | 5,344 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
| PFS | New | PROVIDENT FINL SVCS INC | $207,774 | – | 14,479 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2024-08-09
Top long-term holdings
| Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berkshire Hthwy Cl B | 45 | Q2 2024 | 10.9% |
| APPLE INC | 45 | Q2 2024 | 5.9% |
| Microsoft Corp Com | 45 | Q2 2024 | 5.0% |
| Vanguard Sht Term Corp Bnd Fd | 45 | Q2 2024 | 4.0% |
| Johnson & Johnson Com | 45 | Q2 2024 | 2.1% |
| Disney Walt Co Com | 45 | Q2 2024 | 2.3% |
| BK OF AMERICA CORP | 45 | Q2 2024 | 4.5% |
| Vanguard US Total Stock Mkt ET | 45 | Q2 2024 | 2.0% |
| McDonald's Corporation | 45 | Q2 2024 | 1.7% |
| Schwab US Broad Market ETF | 45 | Q2 2024 | 2.2% |
View Roundview Capital LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
| Type | Filed |
|---|---|
| N-PX | 2024-08-29 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-08-09 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-05-06 |
| 13F-HR | 2024-02-12 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-11-13 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-08-09 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-05-09 |
| 13F-HR | 2023-02-13 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-11-10 |
| 13F-HR | 2022-08-11 |
View Roundview Capital LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.