$1.05 Billion is the total value of OXFORD FINANCIAL GROUP, LTD. LLC's 292 reported holdings in Q2 2023. The portfolio turnover from Q1 2023 to Q2 2023 was 46.4% .
Value | Shares | ↓ Weighting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VTI | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDStotal stk mkt | $133,996,778 | +17.8% | 608,302 | +9.2% | 12.74% | -0.2% |
LLY | Buy | LILLY ELI & CO | $130,944,686 | +103.0% | 279,212 | +48.6% | 12.45% | +72.0% |
MUB | Buy | ISHARES TRnational mun etf | $105,188,486 | +1.4% | 985,557 | +2.3% | 10.00% | -14.1% |
IVV | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p500 etf | $45,834,032 | +8.5% | 102,834 | +0.1% | 4.36% | -8.0% |
VTV | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSvalue etf | $41,354,898 | +3.6% | 291,027 | +0.7% | 3.93% | -12.2% |
AAPL | Buy | APPLE INC | $27,571,851 | +29.4% | 142,145 | +10.0% | 2.62% | +9.7% |
MCD | Buy | MCDONALDS CORP | $23,632,893 | +7.5% | 79,196 | +0.7% | 2.25% | -8.9% |
SPY | Buy | SPDR S&P 500 ETF TRtr unit | $19,389,067 | +42.5% | 43,740 | +31.6% | 1.84% | +20.8% |
VT | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Ftt wrld st etf | $16,348,888 | +22.2% | 168,580 | +16.1% | 1.55% | +3.5% |
EFA | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci eafe etf | $12,993,378 | +4.8% | 179,219 | +3.4% | 1.24% | -11.2% |
JPM | Buy | JPMORGAN CHASE & CO | $6,873,452 | +35.3% | 47,260 | +21.3% | 0.65% | +14.7% |
MSFT | Buy | MICROSOFT CORP | $6,380,552 | +66.5% | 18,737 | +41.0% | 0.61% | +41.2% |
ONB | Buy | OLD NATL BANCORP IND | $5,997,657 | -3.3% | 430,248 | +0.0% | 0.57% | -18.1% |
IWN | Buy | ISHARES TRrus 2000 val etf | $5,926,323 | +20.0% | 42,090 | +16.7% | 0.56% | +1.6% |
GII | Buy | SPDR INDEX SHS FDSs&p gblinf etf | $5,829,872 | -0.0% | 109,235 | +2.0% | 0.55% | -15.3% |
NVDA | Buy | NVIDIA CORPORATION | $5,096,646 | +106.8% | 12,048 | +35.8% | 0.48% | +75.1% |
ESGE | Buy | ISHARES INCesg awr msci em | $4,976,327 | +8.8% | 157,329 | +8.3% | 0.47% | -7.8% |
NKE | Buy | NIKE INCcl b | $4,260,429 | +96.9% | 38,601 | +118.8% | 0.40% | +66.7% |
GNR | Buy | SPDR INDEX SHS FDSglb nat resrce | $3,848,382 | +2.2% | 71,385 | +8.3% | 0.37% | -13.3% |
AMZN | Buy | AMAZON COM INC | $3,496,117 | +95.7% | 26,819 | +55.1% | 0.33% | +66.0% |
DPZ | Buy | DOMINOS PIZZA INC | $3,371,922 | +2.2% | 10,006 | +0.1% | 0.32% | -13.2% |
XOM | Buy | EXXON MOBIL CORP | $2,896,405 | +22.6% | 27,006 | +25.4% | 0.28% | +3.8% |
PG | Buy | PROCTER AND GAMBLE CO | $2,759,398 | +10.2% | 18,185 | +8.0% | 0.26% | -6.8% |
ETN | Buy | EATON CORP PLC | $2,661,961 | +20.3% | 13,237 | +2.5% | 0.25% | +2.0% |
COST | Buy | COSTCO WHSL CORP NEW | $2,392,022 | +47.2% | 4,443 | +35.9% | 0.23% | +24.7% |
SCHF | Buy | SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRintl eqty etf | $2,264,870 | +586.2% | 63,531 | +569.9% | 0.22% | +481.1% |
JNJ | Buy | JOHNSON & JOHNSON | $2,019,525 | +19.9% | 12,201 | +12.3% | 0.19% | +1.6% |
IJH | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p mcp etf | $1,828,530 | +38.1% | 6,993 | +32.2% | 0.17% | +16.8% |
MDY | Buy | SPDR S&P MIDCAP 400 ETF TRutser1 s&pdcrp | $1,797,828 | +16.1% | 3,754 | +11.1% | 0.17% | -1.7% |
GOOGL | Buy | ALPHABET INCcap stk cl a | $1,776,947 | +44.2% | 14,845 | +24.9% | 0.17% | +22.5% |
AON | Buy | AON PLC | $1,725,310 | +12.3% | 4,998 | +2.6% | 0.16% | -4.7% |
HD | Buy | HOME DEPOT INC | $1,685,195 | +41.9% | 5,425 | +34.8% | 0.16% | +20.3% |
VYM | Buy | VANGUARD WHITEHALL FDShigh div yld | $1,683,861 | +24.0% | 15,875 | +23.3% | 0.16% | +5.3% |
GOOG | Buy | ALPHABET INCcap stk cl c | $1,402,284 | +161.7% | 11,592 | +125.0% | 0.13% | +121.7% |
BA | Buy | BOEING CO | $1,311,515 | +55.0% | 6,211 | +56.0% | 0.12% | +31.6% |
WELL | Buy | WELLTOWER INC | $1,261,965 | +103.8% | 15,601 | +80.6% | 0.12% | +73.9% |
FB | Buy | META PLATFORMS INCcl a | $1,263,017 | +257.0% | 4,401 | +163.7% | 0.12% | +200.0% |
NEE | Buy | NEXTERA ENERGY INC | $1,238,027 | +31.4% | 16,685 | +36.5% | 0.12% | +11.3% |
ORCL | Buy | ORACLE CORP | $1,118,863 | +70.9% | 9,395 | +33.3% | 0.11% | +45.2% |
VWO | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Fftse emr mkt etf | $1,085,627 | +13.7% | 26,687 | +12.9% | 0.10% | -3.7% |
KO | Buy | COCA COLA CO | $1,067,460 | -2.3% | 17,726 | +0.6% | 0.10% | -17.9% |
WMT | Buy | WALMART INC | $1,038,174 | +94.1% | 6,605 | +82.1% | 0.10% | +65.0% |
MRK | Buy | MERCK & CO INC | $1,030,753 | +46.9% | 8,933 | +35.5% | 0.10% | +24.1% |
V | Buy | VISA INC | $1,026,864 | +94.6% | 4,324 | +84.7% | 0.10% | +66.1% |
TGT | Buy | TARGET CORP | $941,238 | -3.1% | 7,136 | +21.6% | 0.09% | -18.3% |
AVGO | Buy | BROADCOM INC | $881,309 | +183.2% | 1,016 | +109.5% | 0.08% | +140.0% |
TSLA | Buy | TESLA INC | $882,427 | +83.1% | 3,371 | +45.1% | 0.08% | +55.6% |
DE | Buy | DEERE & CO | $866,810 | +11.6% | 2,139 | +13.7% | 0.08% | -5.7% |
AOR | Buy | ISHARES TRgrwt allocat etf | $845,324 | +3.2% | 16,430 | +0.4% | 0.08% | -13.0% |
PEP | Buy | PEPSICO INC | $844,725 | +4.8% | 4,561 | +3.2% | 0.08% | -11.1% |
ABT | Buy | ABBOTT LABS | $835,747 | +12.5% | 7,666 | +4.5% | 0.08% | -4.8% |
UNH | Buy | UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC | $823,841 | +149.1% | 1,714 | +144.9% | 0.08% | +110.8% |
IJR | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p scp etf | $823,408 | +62.5% | 8,263 | +57.7% | 0.08% | +36.8% |
HON | Buy | HONEYWELL INTL INC | $822,738 | +182.3% | 3,965 | +160.0% | 0.08% | +136.4% |
DHR | Buy | DANAHER CORPORATION | $796,320 | +47.8% | 3,318 | +55.2% | 0.08% | +26.7% |
AEP | Buy | AMERICAN ELEC PWR CO INC | $790,941 | -0.4% | 9,394 | +7.7% | 0.08% | -15.7% |
CVX | Buy | CHEVRON CORP NEW | $778,298 | +19.8% | 4,946 | +24.2% | 0.07% | +1.4% |
LMT | Buy | LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP | $773,438 | +75.5% | 1,680 | +80.3% | 0.07% | +51.0% |
ABBV | Buy | ABBVIE INC | $747,139 | +63.0% | 5,545 | +92.8% | 0.07% | +39.2% |
CSCO | Buy | CISCO SYS INC | $736,008 | +99.4% | 14,225 | +101.5% | 0.07% | +70.7% |
AMGN | Buy | AMGEN INC | $723,119 | +29.6% | 3,257 | +41.1% | 0.07% | +9.5% |
VO | Buy | VANGUARD INDEX FDSmid cap etf | $727,188 | +5.3% | 3,303 | +0.9% | 0.07% | -10.4% |
ICLN | Buy | ISHARES TRgl clean ene etf | $703,432 | +464.5% | 38,230 | +506.8% | 0.07% | +378.6% |
MA | Buy | MASTERCARD INCORPORATEDcl a | $685,522 | +147.2% | 1,743 | +128.4% | 0.06% | +109.7% |
QCOM | Buy | QUALCOMM INC | $670,314 | +14.4% | 5,631 | +22.6% | 0.06% | -3.0% |
BX | New | BLACKSTONE INC | $672,638 | – | 7,235 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
ADBE | New | ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED | $674,806 | – | 1,380 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
LOW | Buy | LOWES COS INC | $664,912 | +20.6% | 2,946 | +6.9% | 0.06% | +1.6% |
RTX | Buy | RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES CORP | $667,835 | +30.3% | 6,817 | +30.2% | 0.06% | +8.6% |
ACN | Buy | ACCENTURE PLC IRELAND | $653,264 | +41.5% | 2,117 | +31.1% | 0.06% | +19.2% |
SLB | Buy | SCHLUMBERGER LTD | $634,876 | +24.4% | 12,925 | +24.3% | 0.06% | +5.3% |
F | Buy | FORD MTR CO DEL | $634,227 | +20.7% | 41,918 | +0.5% | 0.06% | +1.7% |
DIS | Buy | DISNEY WALT CO | $626,656 | +7.5% | 7,019 | +20.6% | 0.06% | -7.7% |
SYK | Buy | STRYKER CORPORATION | $619,943 | +97.9% | 2,032 | +85.1% | 0.06% | +68.6% |
XLK | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRtechnology | $616,855 | +5907.0% | 3,548 | +5117.6% | 0.06% | +5800.0% |
UPS | New | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INCcl b | $605,327 | – | 3,377 | +100.0% | 0.06% | – |
WFC | Buy | WELLS FARGO CO NEW | $594,784 | +42.6% | 13,936 | +24.9% | 0.06% | +21.3% |
BMY | Buy | BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB CO | $561,609 | +0.8% | 8,782 | +9.2% | 0.05% | -15.9% |
SLYV | New | SPDR SER TRs&p 600 smcp val | $559,242 | – | 7,245 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
AEE | Buy | AMEREN CORP | $556,173 | +76.4% | 6,810 | +86.6% | 0.05% | +51.4% |
VIG | Buy | VANGUARD SPECIALIZED FUNDSdiv app etf | $532,446 | +75.2% | 3,278 | +66.1% | 0.05% | +50.0% |
TYL | New | TYLER TECHNOLOGIES INC | $513,091 | – | 1,232 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
HZNP | Buy | HORIZON THERAPEUTICS PUB L | $514,250 | +88.5% | 5,000 | +100.0% | 0.05% | +58.1% |
USMV | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci usa min vol | $517,767 | +13.1% | 6,966 | +10.7% | 0.05% | -3.9% |
QUAL | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci usa qlt fct | $515,608 | +14.7% | 3,823 | +5.5% | 0.05% | -2.0% |
Buy | LINDE PLC | $514,458 | +53.7% | 1,350 | +43.3% | 0.05% | +28.9% | |
APD | New | AIR PRODS & CHEMS INC | $508,003 | – | 1,696 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
XCEM | New | COLUMBIA ETF TR IIem core ex etf | $491,205 | – | 17,175 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
DHI | New | D R HORTON INC | $488,099 | – | 4,011 | +100.0% | 0.05% | – |
TJX | Buy | TJX COS INC NEW | $477,452 | +27.6% | 5,631 | +17.9% | 0.04% | +7.1% |
NVO | New | NOVO-NORDISK A Sadr | $448,755 | – | 2,773 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
NSC | New | NORFOLK SOUTHN CORP | $428,576 | – | 1,890 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
INTC | Buy | INTEL CORP | $432,907 | +51.2% | 12,946 | +47.7% | 0.04% | +28.1% |
CMCSA | Buy | COMCAST CORP NEWcl a | $417,245 | +24.9% | 10,042 | +14.0% | 0.04% | +8.1% |
USB | Buy | US BANCORP DEL | $407,350 | +2.9% | 12,329 | +12.3% | 0.04% | -11.4% |
ECL | New | ECOLAB INC | $410,718 | – | 2,200 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
EOG | Buy | EOG RES INC | $404,431 | +43.3% | 3,534 | +43.5% | 0.04% | +18.8% |
Buy | GENERAL ELECTRIC CO | $385,574 | +55.5% | 3,510 | +35.3% | 0.04% | +32.1% | |
VLO | New | VALERO ENERGY CORP | $371,841 | – | 3,170 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
VZ | New | VERIZON COMMUNICATIONS INC | $363,323 | – | 9,769 | +100.0% | 0.04% | – |
CVS | Buy | CVS HEALTH CORP | $361,681 | +51.1% | 5,232 | +62.4% | 0.03% | +25.9% |
CAT | Buy | CATERPILLAR INC | $362,005 | +38.4% | 1,471 | +28.7% | 0.03% | +17.2% |
AXP | New | AMERICAN EXPRESS CO | $358,678 | – | 2,059 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
HES | New | HESS CORP | $341,914 | – | 2,515 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
CRM | Buy | SALESFORCE INC | $339,072 | +53.5% | 1,605 | +45.1% | 0.03% | +28.0% |
STZ | New | CONSTELLATION BRANDS INCcl a | $338,183 | – | 1,374 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
ANTM | New | ELEVANCE HEALTH INC | $335,439 | – | 755 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
SBUX | Buy | STARBUCKS CORP | $334,427 | -4.6% | 3,376 | +0.3% | 0.03% | -17.9% |
Buy | DIMENSIONAL ETF TRUSTinternatnal val | $328,500 | +251.5% | 10,000 | +244.8% | 0.03% | +210.0% | |
ROL | New | ROLLINS INC | $326,022 | – | 7,612 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
CL | Buy | COLGATE PALMOLIVE CO | $313,784 | +2.7% | 4,073 | +0.2% | 0.03% | -11.8% |
ZBH | New | ZIMMER BIOMET HOLDINGS INC | $315,370 | – | 2,166 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
VTEB | Buy | VANGUARD MUN BD FDStax exempt bd | $301,320 | +3.3% | 6,000 | +4.2% | 0.03% | -12.1% |
BDX | Buy | BECTON DICKINSON & CO | $297,539 | +21.9% | 1,127 | +14.3% | 0.03% | +3.7% |
AMD | New | ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC | $291,040 | – | 2,555 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
FNV | New | FRANCO NEV CORP | $284,344 | – | 1,994 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
NEM | New | NEWMONT CORP | $280,106 | – | 6,566 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
INSP | New | INSPIRE MED SYS INC | $282,761 | – | 871 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
SWKS | New | SKYWORKS SOLUTIONS INC | $272,585 | – | 2,463 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
COF | New | CAPITAL ONE FINL CORP | $277,253 | – | 2,535 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
KMI | New | KINDER MORGAN INC DEL | $273,574 | – | 15,887 | +100.0% | 0.03% | – |
MMP | Buy | MAGELLAN MIDSTREAM PRTNRS LP | $270,328 | +15.5% | 4,338 | +0.5% | 0.03% | 0.0% |
FITB | Buy | FIFTH THIRD BANCORP | $265,845 | -1.3% | 10,143 | +0.3% | 0.02% | -16.7% |
CSX | Buy | CSX CORP | $248,243 | +16.5% | 7,280 | +2.3% | 0.02% | 0.0% |
AGG | Buy | ISHARES TRcore us aggbd et | $255,160 | +97.4% | 2,605 | +100.8% | 0.02% | +60.0% |
PYPL | Buy | PAYPAL HLDGS INC | $251,906 | +11.7% | 3,775 | +27.1% | 0.02% | -4.0% |
ICE | New | INTERCONTINENTAL EXCHANGE IN | $255,674 | – | 2,261 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SPG | Buy | SIMON PPTY GROUP INC NEW | $240,476 | +8.4% | 2,082 | +5.1% | 0.02% | -8.0% |
UNP | New | UNION PAC CORP | $246,362 | – | 1,204 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
EL | New | LAUDER ESTEE COS INCcl a | $233,692 | – | 1,190 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
NUE | New | NUCOR CORP | $230,556 | – | 1,406 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ROP | New | ROPER TECHNOLOGIES INC | $226,457 | – | 471 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ATO | New | ATMOS ENERGY CORP | $220,115 | – | 1,892 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
PANW | New | PALO ALTO NETWORKS INC | $225,615 | – | 883 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
IVZ | New | INVESCO LTD | $215,840 | – | 12,840 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
BAC | New | BANK AMERICA CORP | $218,589 | – | 7,619 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SYLD | New | CAMBRIA ETF TR | $216,725 | – | 3,543 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
SO | New | SOUTHERN CO | $209,345 | – | 2,980 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
PFG | New | PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL GROUP IN | $208,658 | – | 2,751 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
EEM | Buy | ISHARES TRmsci emg mkt etf | $209,272 | +28.1% | 5,290 | +27.8% | 0.02% | +11.1% |
ULTA | New | ULTA BEAUTY INC | $204,238 | – | 434 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
GM | New | GENERAL MTRS CO | $204,763 | – | 5,310 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
ESGV | New | VANGUARD WORLD FDesg us stk etf | $172,762 | – | 2,205 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – |
New | AMALGAMATED FINANCIAL CORP | $168,752 | – | 10,488 | +100.0% | 0.02% | – | |
IEFA | Buy | ISHARES TRcore msci eafe | $157,815 | +245.6% | 2,338 | +242.3% | 0.02% | +200.0% |
IJT | Buy | ISHARES TRs&p sml 600 gwt | $122,728 | +4.6% | 1,068 | +0.1% | 0.01% | -7.7% |
IYY | Buy | ISHARES TRdow jones us etf | $113,598 | +8.5% | 1,049 | +0.3% | 0.01% | -8.3% |
XLI | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRsbi int-inds | $107,535 | +41.7% | 1,002 | +33.6% | 0.01% | +11.1% |
IUSV | Buy | ISHARES TRcore s&p us vlu | $96,260 | +18.6% | 1,230 | +11.8% | 0.01% | 0.0% |
VSGX | New | VANGUARD WORLD FDesg intl stk etf | $78,921 | – | 1,486 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
FYLD | New | CAMBRIA ETF TRcambria fgn shr | $85,260 | – | 3,551 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
RWR | New | SPDR SER TRdj reit etf | $72,352 | – | 800 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
EFV | Buy | ISHARES TReafe value etf | $78,696 | +30.1% | 1,608 | +29.1% | 0.01% | 0.0% |
VDE | New | VANGUARD WORLD FDSenergy etf | $64,122 | – | 568 | +100.0% | 0.01% | – |
XLC | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TR | $31,369 | +772.8% | 482 | +677.4% | 0.00% | – |
XLE | Buy | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRenergy | $31,007 | +345.6% | 382 | +354.8% | 0.00% | +200.0% |
MGC | New | VANGUARD WORLD FDmega cap index | $25,659 | – | 164 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
VSS | Buy | VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX Fftse smcap etf | $17,898 | +810.4% | 162 | +800.0% | 0.00% | – |
XLB | New | SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRsbi materials | $26,021 | – | 314 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
IMTM | New | ISHARES TRmsci intl moment | $13,645 | – | 411 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
VYMI | New | VANGUARD WHITEHALL FDSintl high etf | $9,038 | – | 143 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
XBI | New | SPDR SER TRs&p biotech | $12,230 | – | 147 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
SPAB | New | SPDR SER TRportfolio agrgte | $2,131 | – | 84 | +100.0% | 0.00% | – |
PGF | Buy | INVESCO EXCHANGE TRADED FD Tfinl pfd etf | $3,199 | +0.3% | 223 | +1.4% | 0.00% | – |
Original filings
The following EDGAR filing(s) were analyzed to create this report:
- View 13F-HR filed 2023-08-10
Top long-term holdings
Name | Quarters owned | Latest quarter owned | Max weighting |
---|---|---|---|
SCHWAB STRATEGIC TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 24.8% |
VANGUARD INDEX FDS | 28 | Q3 2023 | 18.7% |
ISHARES TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 17.9% |
VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX F | 28 | Q3 2023 | 12.2% |
SPDR S&P 500 ETF TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 3.3% |
ISHARES TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 3.4% |
ISHARES TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 3.5% |
ISHARES TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 1.8% |
VANGUARD INTL EQUITY INDEX F | 28 | Q3 2023 | 2.0% |
ISHARES TR | 28 | Q3 2023 | 4.2% |
View OXFORD FINANCIAL GROUP, LTD. LLC's complete holdings history.
Latest filings
Type | Filed |
---|---|
13F-HR | 2024-05-13 |
13F-HR | 2024-02-14 |
13F-HR | 2023-11-13 |
13F-HR | 2023-08-10 |
13F-HR | 2023-05-12 |
13F-HR | 2023-02-14 |
13F-HR | 2022-11-02 |
13F-HR | 2022-08-11 |
13F-HR | 2022-05-13 |
13F-HR | 2022-02-10 |
View OXFORD FINANCIAL GROUP, LTD. LLC's complete filings history.
All filings
- Holdings (13F-HR)
- Significant ownership (13-D/G)
- Insider transactions (4, 5, 6)
- Events (8-K)
- Shareholder votes (proxy)
View complete filings history.